In the present communication, a case of dystocia due to simultaneous presentation of twins complicated with postural defects in a pluriparous non-descript doe and its successful obstetrical management is reported.
Objective: To optimize the concentration of PDC-109 protein in semen for higher cryopreservability and fertility by sequestration or neutralization of PDC-109 by its antibodies (anti-PDC-109 antibodies) in bubaline species. Methods: PDC-109 protein was purified by applying two-step chromatography procedures. Purified protein was injected in rabbits to raise antibodies. These raised anti-PDC-109 antibodies were used in neutralization or sequestration of PDC-109 in in-vitro model. Ejaculates were collected from buffaloes and splited for four groups. Group 1 received egg yolk Tris glycerol extender, without anti-PDC-109 antibodies, while group 2 to 4 received anti-PDC-109 antibodies 266 μg/mL, 80 μg/mL, and 26 μg/mL in Tris-fructosecitrate buffer, respectively. Semen quality parameters viz. , forward progressive motility, viability, total morphological abnormality, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane integrity, cryoinjury and in-vitro zona binding index were evaluated. Results: Semen quality parameters of neat semen were within the normal range of bubaline species. Sperm motility, livability, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane integrity, and cholesterol content of sperm were decreased and total sperm abnormality was increased significantly in post-thaw semen compared to those in pre-freeze and fresh semen ( P<0.05 ). Semen in group 2 had higher sperm motility, livability, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane integrity, and cholesterol content of sperm and lower total sperm abnormality significantly compared to those in group 1, 3 and 4 at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages ( P <0.05). Conclusions: Sequestration or neutralization of PDC-109 by its antibodies significantly improves pre-freeze, and post-thaw semen quality parameters and in-vitro zona binding index with simultaneously reducing cryoinjury or cryodamage in the sperm of bubaline species.
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P) is a common disease in sexually mature bitches. Disease progression leads to oxidative stress, resulting in the depletion of uterine antioxidants and lipid peroxidation of associated cells, which further aggravates the condition. The concentration of antioxidant enzymes, the level of lipid peroxidation within the uterine tissue, and its reflection in the serum and urine need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentration of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the lipid peroxidation marker malonaldehyde (MDA) in three types of samples, i.e., serum, urine, and uterine tissue. For this purpose, 58 pyometra-affected and 44 healthy bitches were included in the present study. All animals underwent ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Our data indicated highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the antioxidant concentrations of uterine, serum and urine samples. Furthermore, there was a highly significant (p<0.01) difference in the serum levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) indicated poor capacity to overcome oxidative stress in the CEH-Pyometra condition. We showed that CEH-P induces oxidative stress, which further depletes the antioxidant enzyme reserves in the uterus. Thus, the weak antioxidant defence predisposes to uterine damage and disease progression. The simultaneous depletion of antioxidants and an increase in lipid peroxidation in the serum and urine may also act as early indicators of uterine pathology.
One of the most important factors contributing to poor quality semen post thaw has been reported to be oxidative stress. Continued interaction of spermatozoa with dissolved oxygen in extender renders detrimental effect by generating reactive oxygen species during processing. This formed the basis to investigate the effects of removal of oxygen from the Tris-Glycerol-Egg Yolk (TG-EY) extender on the post-thaw semen quality. Semen ejaculates (n=26) collected from three cross bred bulls with mass activity of ≥3 and progressive motility of ≥70% were split in two fractions (control and treatment) to obtain 80 x 106 progressively motile sperm/mL of extended semen. The TG-EY extender composed of 3.028 g of Tris, 1.675 g of citric acid, 1.25 g of fructose, 7.0 mL of glycerol, 10 mL of egg yolk, 105 IU Penicillin G Sodium and 105 µg Streptomycin for 100 mL of deionized water for control and degasified (freeze-pump-thaw cycling method using liquid nitrogen) for treatment. Semen was processed and filled in 0.25 mL polyvinyl chloride straws, sealed and cryopreserved for at least 2 week before evaluation. Assessment of post-thaw motility, viability, acrosome and plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa were evaluated after thawing at 37°C for 30s. Study revealed a significant (viability and acrosome integrity, p<0.05) and highly significant (post-thaw motility and plasma membrane integrity, p<0.01) improvement in all the semen quality parameters in degasified as compared to control group. This study showed that degasification of extender prior to their use can serve to improve semen quality to highly acceptable levels.
One hundred burn care facilities in the United States were surveyed to determine the present use of hydrotherapy in burn care. It was found that 92% of the burn units that were polled practice this treatment in some form. There was no consensus as to how the procedure is carried out, how long it takes, how often it is done, or who does it. Most burn facilities that were contacted use a disinfectant solution for hydrotherapy, and the procedure is carried out once a day for 30 minutes or less. In most of these facilities, nurses perform the procedure. Although immersion therapy continues to play an important role in most burn care facilities, spray or shower techniques are also incorporated into many programs.
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