Short chain diols (propanediols, butanediols, pentanediols) have been widely used in bulk and fine chemical industries as fuels, solvents, polymer monomers and pharmaceutical precursors. The chemical production of short chain diols from fossil resources has been developed and optimized for decades. Consideration of the exhausting fossil resources and the increasing environment issues, the bio-based process to produce short chain diols is attracting interests. Currently, a variety of biotechnologies have been developed for the microbial production of the short chain diols from renewable feed-stocks. In order to efficiently produce bio-diols, the techniques like metabolically engineering the production strains, optimization of the fermentation processes, and integration of a reasonable downstream recovery processes have been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we summarized the recent development in the whole process of bio-diols production including substrate, microorganism, metabolic pathway, fermentation process and downstream process.
Motion intention recognition has been widely used in fields such as robotics and medical assistance. However, traditional non-electromyographic signal cannot meet the demands of certain special scenarios, which limits the development of robots that rely on human-machine interaction. In this paper, we research an RNN algorithm that allows for online parameter tuning, which adopts LSTM and GRU models to predict joint angle changes based on surface electromyography (sEMG) and joint angle information. Moreover, we have identified optimal parameters through extensive experimentation and validated the significant impact of different model parameters on prediction performance.
Abstract Background Airway remodeling is a poorly reversible feature of asthma which lacks effective therapeutic interventions. CD147 can regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and tissue fibrosis, and participate in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, the role of CD147 in airway remodeling and activation of circulating fibrocytes was investigated in asthmatic mice. Methods Asthmatic mouse model was established by sensitizing and challenging mice with ovalbumin (OVA), and treated with anti-CD147 or Isotype antibody. The number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was examined by microscope, and the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of CD45 + and collagen I (COL-I) + circulating fibrocytes in BALF was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue sections were respectively stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or Masson trichrome staining, or used for immunohistochemistry of CD31 and immunohistofluorescence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CD45 and COL-I. The protein expression of α-SMA, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Fibronectin, and COL-I was determined by western blotting. Results Anti-CD147 treatment significantly reduced the number of eosinophils and the levels of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 in BALF, and repressed airway inflammatory infiltration and airway wall thickening in asthmatic mice. Anti-CD147 treatment also reduced airway goblet cell metaplasia, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis in asthmatic mice, accompanied by inhibition of VEGF and α-SMA expression. The number of CD45 + COL-I + circulating fibrocytes was increased in BALF and lung tissues of OVA-induced asthmatic mice, but was decreased by anti-CD147 treatment. In addition, anti-CD147 treatment also reduced the protein expression of COL-I, fibronectin, and TGF-β1 in lung tissues of asthmatic mice. Conclusion OVA-triggered airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthmatic mice can be repressed by anti-CD147 treatment, along with inhibiting the accumulation and activation of circulating fibrocytes.
Muscle fatigue is a common occurrence in daily life. For stroke rehabilitation patients, secondary injuries caused by falls due to muscle fatigue during rehabilitation training are very common. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor muscle state in real time to prevent muscle fatigue during rehabilitation training. Currently, there are few methods for assessing muscle fatigue. And some methods have high limitations, some can only target the state of muscles in a static state. This paper proposes a method that can monitor and evaluate muscle fatigue in real time during dynamic exercise. First, a Hammerstein model is established through EMG and joint motion angle data. According to the identified model parameters, combined with the characteristics of the parameters, an augmented matrix is constructed. Then we use hierarchical clustering to cluster fatigue levels. The classification of fatigue grades obtained by this method is proved by side experiments to conform to objective laws. The method is convenient, efficient, and cost-effective, and the required parameters can be obtained without redundant sensors. The obtained fatigue level classification is proved to conform to the obj ective law through side experiments, which has guiding significance for the estimation of human muscle state.
Enzymes involved in collagen biosynthesis, including lysyl oxidase (LOX), have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. LOX expression is significantly upregulated in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis, and knockdown of LOX expression or inhibition of LOX activity alleviates the lung fibrosis. Unexpectedly, treatment of the mice with LOX inhibitor at the inflammatory stage, but not the fibrogenic stage, efficiently reduces collagen deposition and normalizes lung architecture. Inhibition of LOX impairs inflammatory cell infiltration, TGF-β signaling, and myofibroblast accumulation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of LOX sensitizes the fibrosis-resistant Balb/c mice to BLM-induced inflammation and lung fibrosis. These results suggest that LOX is indispensable for the progression of BLM-induced experimental lung fibrosis by aggravating the inflammatory response and subsequent fibrosis process after lung injury.
Spinal abnormalities and hiatal hernias are becoming more common in our aging population. Increasing evidence has shown that the presence of kyphoscoliosis would increase hiatal hernia formation. Kyphoscoliosis has been shown to lead to decreased quality of life, poor pulmonary function, and restrict abdominal compliance. All of these factors have the potential to increase morbidity and mortality associated with the surgical repair of hiatal abnormalities. In the present we reported two cases of hiatal hernias repair in kyphoscoliosis patients, with a prolonged duration of malnutrition due to inability to eat, and received nasogastric tube feeding or total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Operative planning and subsequent hiatal hernia repair must be undertaken in the context of these spinal abnormalities.
Key words:
Hernia, hiatal; Disorders of the spine; Laparoscope
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