Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common form of primary headache. The aim of the review is to analyse research on epidemiology and triggers of TTH. The search for full-text articles in Russian and English languages published within the past decade was performed in E-Library, PubMed, Springer, ClinicalKey and Google Scholar databases. A total of seven Russian and forty-two foreign epidemiological studies have been analysed. Thus, the global prevalence of TTH amounts to 32% (4.4% among these cases are chronic TTH). In Russia, its prevalence is 52.4%. The leading TTH triggers are stress and anxiety-depressive disorders. Insomnia, clinical and meteorological conditions, the ethnos and culture are possible triggers as well. Despite the high occurrence of this primary form of headache in clinical pictures of nervous diseases, it remains insufficiently considered to the date. The issue of TTH requires further investigation.
The association of epilepsy with mental illness has been described in recent years.Scientists are trying to relate certain epilepsies, such as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), with certain personality traits marked by emotional instability.The goal of this review is to evaluate the scientific literature about nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders in JME patients, the most common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).Data in this review were collected through an extensive literature search of available full-text publications in PubMed, Springer, Clinical Keys and eLIBRARY.RU databases.Comorbid personality and nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders are a common and interdisciplinary problem in JME management.The disorders in patients with JME often go undiagnosed and hence untreated.Therefore, this problem requires further and extensive investigation.(
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the main characteristics of tempo-rhythm in healthy adults.Materials and methods: A total of 33 healthy adult volunteers (20 males and 13 females) participated in the study.The technique involved wrist tapping on the surface of the device (Android smartphone), followed by the registration of the time parameters of this process in the original program based on the modified technique "Method of exogenous rhythmic stimulation influence on an individual human rhythm."The reference boundaries of the wrist tapping characteristics were studied. Conclusion:The obtained data can be used in neurorehabilitation for patients with a wide range of neurological disorders, including epilepsy.
Mutations of POLG gene can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, including autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant mitochondrial diseases. The article presents a clinical case demonstrating the difficulty of differential diagnosis of POLG-associated disease and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The case demonstrates the importance of molecular genetic diagnosis in idiopathic generalized epilepsy with atypical features for timely administration of appropriate therapy and minimize the development of adverse side reactions.
Arterial hypertension (AH) and exertional headache (EHA) are comorbidities. The article presents a nonsystematic review focused on studying the AH+EHA phenotype. The authors addressed the history of studying the phenotype, several theories about its pathophysiological causes (psychosomatic, neuroanatomical, and baroreflector). The protective "hypertension-associated hypoalgesia" phenotype, a mechanism of its change in AH chronization, and difficulties of differential diagnosis are described. The AH+EHA phenotype requires further study since its incidence is quite high. This will allow developing an individualized approach in prevention and treatment of EHA attacks, decreasing the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular complications, and avoiding iatrogenic complications in patients with AH. The main way to prevent the development of AH+EHA phenotype is patient's compliance, which can be provided by using combination hypotensive drugs to reduce the number of pills and dosing. It is important to take into account possible adverse reactions of the nervous system (medication-overuse headache or EHA aggravation). Considering these conditions, the drug Triplixam can be used for prevention of complications in the AH+EHA phenotype. Triplixam is a fixed triple combination of amlodipine/indapamide/perindopril, and its individual components have low and medium risk for development of headache.
Melatonin is the most well-known regulator of the circadian rhythms of all living organisms and the main substrate synthesized at night. There are 4 stages in the synthesis of melatonin. This review focuses on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages. The review is aimed at analyzing publications on molecular genetic association studies on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the DDC (AADC), AANAT and ASMT genes encoding melatonin synthesis enzymes in the pathogenesis of socially significant neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. The authors analyzed the available full-text articles from several databases, as well as materials from electronic resources. Search depth was 15 years. The analysis of these studies over the past decade show the association of some SNPs of the studied genes with the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, migraine, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, bipolar-affective disorder, schizophrenia.Мелатонин — наиболее известный регулятор циркадных ритмов и главный субстрат, синтезируемый в темное время суток. В синтезе мелатонина выделяют 4 этапа. Настоящий обзор посвящен второму, третьему и четвертому этапам. Его цель — анализ публикаций, отражающих результаты молекулярно-генетических ассоциативных исследований роли однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (ОНП) генов DDC (AADC), AANAT и ASMT, кодирующих ферменты синтеза мелатонина, в патогенезе социально значимых психоневрологических расстройств у человека. Проанализированы доступные полнотекстовые статьи в различных базах данных, а также материалы электронных ресурсов. Глубина поиска составила 15 лет. В течение последнего десятилетия показана связь носительства ряда ОНП изучаемых генов с риском развития психоневрологических расстройств, таких как синдром задержки фазы сна, синдром дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью, расстройство аутистического спектра, мигрень, болезнь Паркинсона, тревога, депрессия, биполярное аффективное расстройство, шизофрения.
In recent years, the genetics of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has been actively studied; the association of JME with the carriage of polymorphic allelic variants of the BRD2 (EJM3 locus) and GJD2 (EJM2 locus) genes has been established. Objective: to establish risk factors for JME in terms of a genetic predisposition; specifically, polymorphic allelic variants rs206787 and rs516535 in the BRD2 gene and rs3743123 in the GJD2 gene. Patients and methods: Examinations were made in 79 patients with JME and in 150 healthy volunteers, who were Caucasian and resided in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) and underwent determination of the carriage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs206787 and rs516535 in the BRD2 gene and rs3743123 in the GJD2 gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion. In 2003, American scientists from New York showed that the alleles associated with the development of JME with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern might be located in the BRD2 gene. Patients with JME are assumed to have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of mutations in the BRD2 gene. British scientists revealed that different populations were found to have an association of SNP rs3918149 and no relationship of BRD2 rs206787 to the development of JME in Caucasians, as well as ascertained local linkage disequilibrium in the BRD2 gene. Our investigation has established complete linkage disequilibrium between the loci in patients with JME and in healthy individuals and no association of the carriage of SNPs rs206787 and rs516535 in the BRD2 gene with the development of JME in the patients residing in the SFD (p >0.05). German scientists studied the impact of SNP in the BRD2 gene on a predisposition to a photoparoxysmal response in patients with JME/genetic generalized epilepsy. Our investigation has indicated the association of the carriage of TT/TT haplotype for SNP rs206787 and rs516535 in the BRD2 gene with a photoparoxysmal response in patients with JME (odds ratio (OR), 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37–9.48; p=0.02). We have confirmed that in the studied sample, the carriage of the T allele in the GJD2 gene (rs3743123) in the homozygous form is associated with the development of JME in Caucasian patients residing in the SFD and is a risk factor for JME (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.24–5.74; p=0.04). The clinically significant association of this SNP in the GJD2 gene with the development of JME had been also previously demonstrated in two independent studies conducted in the European populations in the UK and Germany. There is a rise in the proportion of homozygotes in JME patients versus the control group, suggesting that the 588T allele under consideration increases the risk for JME in the homozygous state in the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Conclusion. The findings suggest that it is necessary to genotype Caucasian patients with JME, who reside in Siberia, for determination of the carriage of the TT/TT haplotype in terms of the investigated SNPs in the BRD2 gene (EJM 3 locus) and the carriage the T allele (rs3743123) in the GJD2 gene via a personalized approach to predicting the course of JME, as well as for identification of persons at risk for JME in the families having a history of this disease.
