Since Kudoa septempuntata was identified as a causative agent of food poisoning associated with raw olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, interest and concern regarding the parasite have increased. However, there have been no investigations or reports of other Kudoa species infecting the fish (except for K. paralichthys, which infects the brain) in Korea. We found cysts filled with myxospores of Kudoa species in muscles of cultured olive flounder specimens and identified these to the species level. Mature spores were quadrate, measuring 8.7±0.5 μm in length, 9.2±0.4 μm in thickness, and 12.9±0.6 μm in width. The spores containing 4 polar capsules had a length of 2.1±0.2 μm and a width of 1.8±0.3 μm. The partial 18S and 28S rDNA of isolates showed 99-100% similarities with K. ogawai. Using these morphological and molecular analyses, the species was identified as K. ogawai. This study is the first report of K. ogawai infection in cultured olive flounder in Korea.
Kudoa septempunctata have been reported as a causative agent for acute transient gastrointestinal troubles after eating raw olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). It raised public health concerns and quarantine control in several countries. Quantitative evaluation on viability of K. septempunctata is crucial to develop effective chemotherapeutics against it. A cytometry using fluorescent stains was employed to assess effect of three compounds on viability of K. septempunctata. Epigallocatechin gallate reduced markedly viability of K. septempunctata at 0.5 mM or more, and damaged K. septempunctata spores by producing cracks.
AIM:To observe the effect of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of Bacillas Calmette Guerin (BCG PSN) in treating verruca vulgaris by skin lesional injections. METHODS:Fifty patients of verruca vulgaris were treated with BCG PSN by skin lesion injections, qw for 3 6 wk. RESULTS:The total effective rates of 3,4,5,6 times injection were as follows: 4 %, 57 %, 97 %, 100 %. There was significant difference by Ridit analysis ( P 0.05 ). The cured rate was 50 % at just stopping treatment and 84 % in 4 wk after the treatment. There was significant difference( P 0.05 ). CONCLUSION:The effect of BCG PSN in treating verruca vulgaris by lesional injections is significant.
Sinuolinea capsularis Davis, 1917 is myxosporean that infect the urinary system of the host fish. Insufficient morphological and molecular data of S. capsularis exits, and it is therefore difficult to make an accurate identification of the parasite. We tried a series of morphological and molecular analysis to identify an myxosporean isolated from urinary bladder of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from Jeju island in the Republic of Korea. Some of them were observed under a light microscope and SEM, and remain samples were used molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Mature spores were subspherical, measuring 13.9±0.6 μm in length and 13.8±0.8 μm in width. Two spherical polar capsules on opposite sides in the middle of the spore had a diameter range of 4.3±0.4 μm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that spores a severely twisted the suture line. By the morphological comparison and analysis, it was identified as S. capsularis. In addition, we obtained the partial 18S rDNA of S. capsularis and first registered it in NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. capsularis clustered with Zschokkella subclade infecting the urinary system of marine fish, and it supported the infection site tropism effect on phylogeny of marine myxosporeans as well as the origin of Sinuolinea is not monophyly.
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a major aquaculture species in Korea, with over 50% of the total production is produced in Jeju. To investigate the disease outbreak trends in olive flounder aquaculture farms on Jeju Island, monitoring was conducted from May 2022 to December 2023. A total of 2,168 olive flounder were collected, and the detection and infection trends of disease outbreak were analyzed. A total of 1,057 cases involving four bacterial species, 1,073 cases involving five parasitic species, and 98 cases involving two viral species were identified and detected. The dominant pathogens detected were scuticociliates, Trichodina spp., two myxosporean species (Enteromyxum leei, Pavicapsula anisocaudata), Tenacibaculum maritimum, and Streptococcus spp. Among them, most pathogens, except for T. maritimum, Edwardsiella piscicida., and E. leei, did not show clear seasonality and were detected year-round. The study found that single infections had a higher prevalence compared to co-infections.
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