Aim: To assess the changes in muscle activity after replacing the missing teeth or teeth with implants in distal extension edentulous patients and to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction levels. Materials and Methods: This was a single-group experimental study, based on convenience sampling with a sample size of 40 patients. Only unilateral mandibular distal extension edentulous sites were included and endo-osseous dental implants were placed in delayed protocol. Electrical activities of the masseter and temporalis muscles were recorded at rest and clench before, immediately, and one month after the cementation using electromyography. Patient satisfaction was analyzed through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics an inferential statistics with repeated measures of ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test were done to analyze the study data. P value < .05 would be considered statistically significant for all the analyses. Results: Right temporalis showed significantly higher surface electromyography (sEMG) activity at one-month post cementation than baseline at rest and clench. Similarly, the left temporalis has shown significant sEMG activity at one-month post cementation than baseline at clench. However, there was no statistical difference with the right and left masseter. The implant-supported prosthesis was well received by the majority of patients. Conclusion: Definitive improvement in the electrical activity of the temporalis before and after the replacement of prosthesis was noticed with positive patient satisfaction levels with implant-supported prosthesis.
Dental students, especially postgraduate students present a higher risk of getting infected because of their close contact with the patients during this pandemic. The objectives of the study include (a) the reasons for postgraduate students' altered emotional status during coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. (b) To assess the kind of infection protocols adopted. (c) To assess the impacts of postgraduate students' emotional status on treating patients with periodontal problems during the COVID-19 lockdown period from March 2020 to December 2020. The emotional status of postgraduate students was assessed in 2 phases that are at the initial phase of COVID infection and lockdown and the second phase when the lockdown was prolonged. Questionnaires were distributed to the Postgraduate students of periodontics all over India to assess their level of awareness of COVID infection, type of infection control measures followed during the pandemic period, as well as the outpatient turnout during the lockdown period. Results of this study stated that more than 80% of students addressed the decline in the number of patients to surgical clinics, 76.3% of postgraduates were worried about themselves and their families due to the pandemic situation. Surprisingly, 74.3% of them even worried about losing their expertize or skills due to a long lockdown period. Dental postgraduates all over India are willing to treat their patients during the period of a pandemic but in strict compliance with infection control guidelines. This study assessed the emotional responses of the postgraduates during the pandemic through the questionnaire and concluded that all the professionals are ready to resume their clinical activities with adequate guidelines provided.
Abstract Background: Forensic tooth reconstruction is the technique of reconstructing the morphology of a missing tooth from the intra-alveolar morphology of dental sockets from skeletal remains. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of the study are to compare and investigate whether the anatomy and adaptability of reconstructed teeth simulate with the natural tooth and to investigate whether the dental materials have potential in reconstruction of teeth. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experimental study was undertaken on a human mandible. According to the Fédération Dentaire Internationale, charting will be done based on the number of teeth present. The entire study will be conducted in three phases using dental materials. Phase 1 comprised preparation for negative replica, where an impression will be taken, Phase 2 comprised preparation of a positive replica or cast, and Phase 3 comprised tooth reconstruction using the flowable composite. Results: The specimen tooth (which had been taken from its socket) and the newly constructed tooth were compared, and when the length of the newly constructed root was measured using digital vernier calipers, there was a disparity of 0.5–1 mm. The cone-beam computed tomography radiographs demonstrated the necessary flexibility. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that dental information can be obtained even when teeth are absent postmortem by making an attempt to recreate the teeth using dental materials while documenting the intra-alveolar anatomy of the dental root socket.
and specific microbiological profiles of the subgingival plaque were said to be the main indications for prescribing antibiotics in addition to nonsurgical periodontal therapy over time.Due to the lack of widely accepted criteria, the decision to prescribe antibiotics along with nonsurgical therapy is mostly based on the clinician's personal experience.But there is currently an increasing global awareness of the population's exposure to antibiotics as a result of the development of antibiotic resistance. 5ecent studies conducted in developing countries, such as Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and India, have shown how flawed the antibiotics were being prescribed.These findings made it very evident that initiatives and training programs were required to help dental professionals rationalize the use of antibiotics.However, there IntroductIonPeriodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. 1It is clinically manifested as gingivitis and periodontitis.Gingivitis affects the gingiva and is reversible, affecting people of all ages, whereas periodontitis affects the entire periodontal architecture leading to periodontal destruction, pocket formation, recession, and subsequently, loss of a tooth. 2 The primary treatment for inflammatory periodontal disorders is supra-and subgingival debridement of the afflicted tooth surfaces.In most people, periodontal attachment loss can be stopped or avoided with mechanical and surgical treatment along with good oral hygiene practices.Nevertheless, despite diligent dental therapy, some people still experience periodontal breakdown.This may be because major periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA), Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), Treponema denticola, and Bacteroides (TB), can invade periodontal tissues or live in furcations or other tooth structures where periodontal instruments cannot reach or due to poor host defense mechanisms. 3ccording to studies, systemic antibacterial medicines may be a crucial therapeutic approach in the management of periodontal disorders when used in conjunction with mechanical periodontal diseases.These results were observed with the use of different antibiotics, such as amoxicillin/metronidazole, azithromycin, clindamycin, and clarithromycin. 4acterial invasion and disease activity, deep periodontal pockets, the severity of the disease, a diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis, 1-5,7,
Breath malodor is a social problem, and most patients complained about breath malodor in most countries. The etiological chain of breath malodor originated from the volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), gingival and periodontal diseases. When the threshold concentration, odor power, and volatility of the molecules increase in the expired air, it results in unpleasant breath odor. There are many tests to diagnose oral malodor, and the clinical management includes mechanical reduction of nutrients, clinical reduction of oral microorganisms, conversion, and masking of volatile sulfur compounds. When the dentist's treatment of oral malodor is not successful, then referral to the physician is warranted.
Pregnancy tumor is a benign, hyperplastic lesion of the gingiva, considered to be reactive or traumatic rather than neoplastic in nature. The term pyogenic granuloma is a misnomer as it is not filled with pus or granulomatous tissue histologically. It is multi factorial in nature, which shows an exaggerated response to stimuli such as low grade or chronic irritation, trauma or hormonal variations. Higher levels of sex hormones during pregnancy produce effects on sub gingival microflora, the immune system, the vasculature and specific cells of periodontium which in turn in the presence of local irritants exaggerate the lesion. Since the lesion is clinically indistinguishable from other type of hyperplastic conditions, histological findings are required for proper diagnosis. We present a case report of recurrent pyogenic tumor which showed the evidence of pre-existing localized periodontitis with extensive horizontal bone destruction. The lesion was excised by electrocautery combined with conventional flap procedure after parturition period. During 3 and 6 months follow-up period post-operative healing showed satisfactory results without recurrence.
Background: Periodontal disease has been reported to play a causative role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which may add to the various risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of Prevotella intermedia – an established periodontal pathogen – in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and AMI patients in order to identify a possible association, and to evaluate the susceptibility of Prevotella intermedia to nine antimicrobial agents. Methods: After undergoing screening for eligibility, a total of 50 subjects were included in the present study. Twenty patients were diagnosed with AMI and generalized chronic periodontitis (Group I), 20 patients were diagnosed with only AMI (Group II), and 10 subjects were healthy controls (Group III). The isolated Prevotella intermedia strains were tested for susceptibility to bacitracin, chloramphenicol, penicillin G, polymyxin, gentamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin using an antibiotic zonescale to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Results: Periodontal pathogens were identified by phenotypic and enzymatic methods. The mean bacterial load of Prevotella intermedia species was higher in Group I compared to Group II and Group III. It was also found that pencillin G, gentamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin inhibited 90% of Prevotella intermedia, whereas bacitracin, chloramphenicol, and polymyxin inhibited 80% of Prevotella intermedia. Thus, only 10% of Prevotella intermedia were resistant to these antibiotics. Conclusion: The present study confirms that Prevotella intermedia is associated with chronic periodontitis and AMI.
Objective: To investigate the association between periodontitis and sleep quality and oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods:According to the new classification of periodontal diseases (American Academy of Periodontology, 2017), the study comprised 112 patients who were divided into groups.Stage 0-I (periodontally healthy/initial periodontitis) and stage II-IV (periodontitis).Periodontal indicators such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were noted at baseline, and the participants were given Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and oral health impact profile (OHIP)-20 questionnaire to observe the mentioned components.After 15 days, data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Results:The PSQI and OHIP-20 global scores were greater in stage II-IV with a mean difference of 2.45 in PSQI scores and 17.467 in OHIP scores between the groups with a highly statistically significant difference. Conclusion:There is a considerable association between the severity of periodontitis and sleep deprivation, which has an impact on an individual's quality of life.
Smoking, which is an important risk factor for periodontitis, induces oxidative stress in the body and causes an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). The present study was done to quantify and compare the level of SOD enzyme levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva among smokers and nonsmokers.One hundred and thirty-five individuals in the age range of 20-55 years, including 45 light smokers, 45 heavy smokers, and 45 nonsmokers (controls), were selected and the clinical parameters recorded were plaque index, probing depth, and attachment loss. Smokers were divided into light smokers (<10 cigarettes/day) and heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day) and into three subgroups: healthy, mild periodontitis, and moderate periodontitis. GCF and saliva samples were collected then SOD levels were analyzed using spectrophotometric assay.The mean levels of SOD in the GCF and saliva of smokers were decreased compared to controls. Intra- and inter-group analyses showed a significant reduction in the levels of SOD in the GCF and saliva of heavy smokers compared to light smokers and the control group.There was a progressive reduction in SOD levels from healthy nonsmokers to light smokers to heavy smokers.
Considering the role of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the present study is to estimate the levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontal health, disease and to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on MMP-3 and TIMP-1 concentrations in GCF.A periodontal examination and collection of GCF by extra-crevicular method was performed in 30 subjects selected randomly and categorized into 3 groups. Group I consists of 10 subjects Group II consists of 20 patients and Group III consists of 20 patients of Group II. Non surgical periodontal therapy was performed, and GCF was collected after 8 weeks from the same site of 20 chronic periodontitis patients who are considered as Group III. MMP- 3 and TIMP-1 levels were estimated in GCF-samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The findings were analyzed using the software and descriptive statistical methods such as Mann- Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. P value < 0.001 was considered significant.MMP-3 and TIMP-1 was detected in all samples. Highest mean MMP-3 concentrations in GCF were obtained for Group II (7.490 ng/ml) while the lowest concentrations were seen in Group I (0.344 ng/ml) and Group III (2.129 ng/ml). This suggests that MMP-3 levels in GCF increases proportionally with the progression of periodontal disease and decreases after treatment. Lowest mean TIMP-1 concentrations in GCF were obtained for Group-II (1.592 ng/ml), while the highest concentrations were seen in Group-I (8.78 ng/ml) and Group-III (6.40 ng/ml). This suggests that TIMP-1 levels in GCF decreases proportionally with progression of periodontal disease and increases after treatment.There is a substantial increase in the concentrations of MMP-3 and decrease in TIMP-1 as periodontal disease progress. Since MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels in GCF are positively correlated with gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 may be considered as a Novel Biomarkers in periodontal disease. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.
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