This article discusses the Europeanization of national remedies through the judgemade principle of effective judicial protection. It will look at the European requirements on national remedies and procedures to understand what is actually required from the national judges. It will appear that the legal uncertainty pertaining to the understanding of EU law's requirements on remedies and procedures makes it difficult for national courts to provide effective judicial protection and, therefore, clarifications to the Court of Justice's case-law would be welcome. As the principle, however, rests on the empowerment of national judges, one must empirically analyze how it unfolds in the national legal habitat to form an opinion on the Europeanization of remedies and procedures in practice. In this article, the Swedish courts' reaction to and application of the principle of an effective judicial protection will be analyzed. It will appear that the Swedish courts have experienced problems in taking on the role that the principle confers on them. It will be suggested that this can be explained by Swedish legal and judicial culture, and the article thus illustrates how the mind-set of judges can play a role in the Europeanization process.
Denna studie syftar till att studera utvecklingen av andelen tidsbegransat anstallda pa den svenska arbetsmarknaden och se huruvida eventuella trender i andelen aven kan anses ha paverkat indi ...
The size, scale and capacity of civil society have increased dramatically over the past twenty years. Its role in democratic processes has received increasing attention, capturing the hopes of a global community which dreams of active citizen involvement for more democratic societies. Meanwhile, civil society faces unprecedented levels of restriction and challenging the power has become increasingly dangerous, with civic space being constrained in 106 countries. In the world of development cooperation, donor countries channel government funding through civil society organizations in the so-called developing countries as key actors to help promote democracy and the rule of law.
Sweden is no exception and gives bilateral aid to Turkey within a regional strategy for reform cooperation with Eastern Europe, Western Balkans and Turkey, having made commitment to support civil society as a central actor for democratization. The underlying assumption is that a strong civil society in developing countries is a prerequisite for developing democracy and that CSOs in donor countries can help to strengthen civil society through cooperation. This assumption has today a strong positive connotation which is increasingly questioned.
From a civil society perspective, the Turkish case is interesting. The country is said in most national and international NGO reports to be suffering from shrinking space for civil society and strong social polarization. This is part of a global trend but is particularly engaging to examine in Turkey because of its historical and cultural context. In this paper I investigate how civil society’s role is expressed in the Swedish policies containing the guidelines for aid allocation with specific focus on Turkey. In doing so, some of the underlying assumptions about civil society’s role in democratic processes will be presented and discussed.
Den rattsliga och politiska ramen som Forenta Nationerna har bildat i relation till den globala narkotikapolitiken ar langt ifran oproblematisk. Darfor ar en utvardering av narkotikapolitikens inverkan pa halsa, sakerhet, utveckling och manskliga rattigheter idag bade grundlaggande och avgorande. Denna artikel fokuserar pa spanningsforhallandet mellan effektivitet och rattssakerhet i de tre konventioner som reglerar den globala narkotikapolitiken. Jag syftar till att belysa dess problematiska begrepp och forsta hur strategierna de innefattar samt sattet FN talar om drogmissbruk har allvarliga manniskorattsliga konsekvenser. Genom min undersokning nas en okad forstaelse kring de problematiker konventionstexterna innehaller och vilka effekterna blir av FN:s utilitaristiska forhallningssatt till narkotikapolitik.
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