Peter B. Marschik

Karolinska Institutet

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Christa Einspieler

Medical University of Graz

125

Dajie Zhang

University Hospital Heidelberg

Jeff Sigafoos

Victoria University of Wellington

Sven Bölte

Karolinska Institutet

Katrin D. Bartl-Pokorny

Medical University of Graz

Luise Poustka

University Hospital Heidelberg

Giulio E. Lancioni

Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

Mark F. O’Reilly

The University of Texas at Austin

Florian B. Pokorny

University of Augsburg

Larah van der Meer

Victoria University of Wellington

Cooperative Institutions

Medical University of Graz

Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

Heidelberg University

University of Graz

University Hospital Heidelberg

Karolinska Institutet

Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin

University of California, Los Angeles

University of Göttingen

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The Relation between Reading Skills and Eye Movement Patterns in Adolescent Readers: Evidence from a Regular Orthography

PLoS ONE (2016)

Magdalena Krieber Katrin D. Bartl-Pokorny Florian B. Pokorny Christa Einspieler Andrea Langmann

Over the past decades, the relation between reading skills and eye movement behavior has been well documented in English-speaking cohorts. As English and German differ substantially with regard to orthographic complexity (i.e. grapheme-phoneme correspondence), we aimed to delineate specific characteristics of how reading speed and reading comprehension interact with eye movements in typically developing German-speaking (Austrian) adolescents. Eye movements of 22 participants (14 females; mean age = 13;6 years;months) were tracked while they were performing three tasks, namely silently reading words, texts, and pseudowords. Their reading skills were determined by means of a standardized German reading speed and reading comprehension assessment (Lesegeschwindigkeits- und -verständnistest für Klassen 6−12). We found that (a) reading skills were associated with various eye movement parameters in each of the three reading tasks; (b) better reading skills were associated with an increased efficiency of eye movements, but were primarily linked to spatial reading parameters, such as the number of fixations per word, the total number of saccades and saccadic amplitudes; (c) reading speed was a more reliable predictor for eye movement parameters than reading comprehension; (d) eye movements were highly correlated across reading tasks, which indicates consistent reading performances. Contrary to findings in English-speaking cohorts, the reading skills neither consistently correlated with temporal eye movement parameters nor with the number or percentage of regressions made while performing any of the three reading tasks. These results indicate that, although reading skills are associated with eye movement patterns irrespective of language, the temporal and spatial characteristics of this association may vary with orthographic consistency.

Orthography

10.1371/journal.pone.0145934

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Citations (39)

The influence of preterm birth on expressive vocabulary at the age of 36 to 41 months

Medicine (2019)

Nina Brósch-Fohraheim Renate Fuiko Peter B. Marschik Bernhard Resch

Abstract Children born preterm (PT) have a higher risk of language delays than children born full-term (FT). Expressive vocabulary plays a central role in language development, as later grammar ability can be predicted from earlier vocabulary size. To determine the effects of preterm birth on expressive vocabulary at the age of 36 to 41 months. Cross-sectional study of 27 PT (children with a gestational age of ≤ 32 + 0 weeks and/or a birth weight ≤ 1500 g) and 26 FT children (from several kindergartens in Vienna, Austria). The groups were matched regarding age, sex, and monolingual Austrian German speech. They were all examined using the active vocabulary test (AWST-R) and the development test, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). The AWST-R revealed significantly lower scores (46% vs 52%, P = .027) for PT children. The Bayley-III revealed significantly lower scores in language development (mean 96.3 ± 11.81 vs 105.1 ± 6.24, P = .002 ) and the expressive communication subscale (8.78 ± 2.01 vs 10.69 ± 1.49, P < .001) for PT children, but no differences in cognitive development (98.5 ± 11.08 vs 100.8 ± 6.43, P = .369) or on the receptive communication subscale (10.15 ± 2.23 vs 11.08 ± 1.09, P = .060). Preterm children tested had less expressive vocabulary (AWST-R and Bayley-III) than those born full-term, while test results in their cognitive development and receptive communication (Bayley-III) did not differ.

Toddler

Expressive language

10.1097/md.0000000000014404

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Citations (17)

Deep learning empowered sensor fusion to improve infant movement classification

arXiv (Cornell University) (2024)

Tomas Kulviĉius Dajie Zhang Luise Poustka Sven Bölte Lennart Jahn

There is a recent boom in the development of AI solutions to facilitate and enhance diagnostic procedures for established clinical tools. To assess the integrity of the developing nervous system, the Prechtl general movement assessment (GMA) is recognized for its clinical value in the diagnosis of neurological impairments in early infancy. GMA has been increasingly augmented through machine learning approaches intending to scale-up its application, circumvent costs in the training of human assessors and further standardize classification of spontaneous motor patterns. Available deep learning tools, all of which are based on single sensor modalities, are however still considerably inferior to that of well-trained human assessors. These approaches are hardly comparable as all models are designed, trained and evaluated on proprietary/ silo-data sets. We propose a sensor fusion approach for assessing fidgety movements (FMs) comparing three different sensor modalities (pressure, inertial, and visual sensors). Various combinations and two sensor fusion approaches (late and early fusion) for infant movement classification were tested to evaluate whether a multi-sensor system outperforms single modality assessments. The performance of the three-sensor fusion (classification accuracy of 94.5\%) was significantly higher than that of any single modality evaluated, suggesting the sensor fusion approach is a promising avenue for automated classification of infant motor patterns. The development of a robust sensor fusion system may significantly enhance AI-based early recognition of neurofunctions, ultimately facilitating early implementation of automated detection of neurodevelopmental conditions.

Sensor Fusion

10.48550/arxiv.2406.09014

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Prelexical phonetic and early lexical development in German-acquiring infants: canonical babbling and first spoken words

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics (2020)

Sigrun Lang Klaus Willmes Peter B. Marschik Dajie Zhang Annette Fox-Boyer

Prelexical phonetic capacities have widely been described to be a precursor for later speech and language development. However, studies so far varied greatly in the measurements used for the detection of canonical babbling onset or the description of infants' phonetic capacities at one or more set time points. The comparability of results is, therefore, questionable. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the associations between (1) different measurements of CBO, (2) different aspects of phonetic capacity at the age of 9 months and (3) age of CBO and phonetic capacities at 9 months. A further aim (4) was to explore whether one of the measures would be suitable to predict the age of word onset (WO) in 20 healthy German-acquiring individuals. The data were derived from monthly recorded spontaneous speech samples between 0 and 18 months. It was found that the different applied prelexical measures equally well serve as valid estimators for the detection of CBO or of infants' phonetic capacities. Further, age of CBO and phonetic capacities at 9 months were significantly associated even though the age of CBO did not reliably predict phonetic capacities. Prelexical measures and WO were not related. Reasons for no indication of a significant association are discussed.

Babbling

10.1080/02699206.2020.1731606

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Citations (11)

Regression in Rett syndrome: Developmental pathways to its onset

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (2019)

Christa Einspieler Peter B. Marschik

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked genetic disorder that occurs predominantly in females. The clinical picture associated with RTT is defined by core and supportive consensus criteria, with a period of behavioural regression being a conditio sine qua non. This review sheds light on atypical neurofunctions and potential behavioural biomarkers before the onset of regression. The main focus lies on (a) motor development, especially on purposeful hand movements and the occurrence of stereotypies; and (b) speech-language and socio-communicative development. We outline potentially specific atypical behavioural patterns in these domains (e.g., vocalisations on inspiratory airstream) and different developmental traits of regression: (i) non-achievement of certain milestones: 'regression', here, might point to the fact that the lack of respective behavioural patterns appeared more and more worrisome with increasing age; and (ii) developmental milestones were achieved and functions deteriorate or even get lost during regression. To conclude, we are not quite there yet, but seem to be on the right track towards defining new and reliable neurofunctional markers for early detection of RTT.

Rett Syndrome

MeCP2

10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.028

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Citations (63)

Enhancement of Social Communication Behaviors in Young Children With Autism Affects Maternal Stress

Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Dominik Laister Giacomo Vivanti Peter B. Marschik Johannes Fellinger Daniel Holzinger

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties in social communication behaviors, emotion regulation and daily living skills, and they frequently present with challenging behaviors. In parents of children with ASD, higher rates of stress and mental health problems have been reported than in parents of either typically developing children or children with other conditions. In this study, we tested whether maternal well-being changes with improved social communicative behaviors of children with ASD receiving early intervention. We examined developmental changes in 72 pre-schoolers and stress levels in their mothers (measured by the Parental Stress Inventory) before and after a 12-month community-based intervention program based on the Early Start Denver Model, a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention targeting social communication. Multiple regression analyses showed that maternal child-related stress was predicted by changes in children's social communication behaviors (measured with the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory). Gains in the early social communication behavior domain were the strongest predictor of post-intervention child-related maternal stress, surpassing adaptive behavior, language and non-verbal cognitive gains, and reduction in challenging behavior. These findings support the hypothesis that, in children with ASD, the acquisition of social communication behaviors contribute to improvements in maternal well-being.

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797148

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Citations (5)

Contributing to the early identification of neurodevelopmental disorders: The retrospective analysis of pre-linguistic vocalisations in home video material

Florian B. Pokorny Björn W. Schuller Robert Peharz Franz Pernkopf Katrin D. Bartl-Pokorny

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Novel AI driven approach to classify infant motor functions

Scientific Reports (2021)

Simon Reich Dajie Zhang Tomas Kulviĉius Sven Bölte Karin Nielsen‐Saines

Abstract The past decade has evinced a boom of computer-based approaches to aid movement assessment in early infancy. Increasing interests have been dedicated to develop AI driven approaches to complement the classic Prechtl general movements assessment (GMA). This study proposes a novel machine learning algorithm to detect an age-specific movement pattern, the fidgety movements (FMs), in a prospectively collected sample of typically developing infants. Participants were recorded using a passive, single camera RGB video stream. The dataset of 2800 five-second snippets was annotated by two well-trained and experienced GMA assessors, with excellent inter- and intra-rater reliabilities. Using OpenPose, the infant full pose was recovered from the video stream in the form of a 25-points skeleton. This skeleton was used as input vector for a shallow multilayer neural network (SMNN). An ablation study was performed to justify the network’s architecture and hyperparameters. We show for the first time that the SMNN is sufficient to discriminate fidgety from non-fidgety movements in a sample of age-specific typical movements with a classification accuracy of 88%. The computer-based solutions will complement original GMA to consistently perform accurate and efficient screening and diagnosis that may become universally accessible in daily clinical practice in the future.

Movement assessment

Hyperparameter

Sample (material)

10.1038/s41598-021-89347-5

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Citations (61)

From the reaching behavior at 5 months of age to hand preference at preschool age

Developmental Psychobiology (2008)

Peter B. Marschik Christa Einspieler Andrea Strohmeier Johann Plienegger Bettina Garzarolli

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the reaching behavior at the age of 5 months, and to determine whether and to what extent there is a relationship between hand use at this age and manual laterality at preschool age. 20 participants (13 girls and 7 boys) were investigated on two occasions: At the age of 5 months we assessed the hand use for reaching for four different objects placed at the infant's body midline or in their right or left hemispaces, respectively. At the age of 5 years and 7 months, we assessed the hand use for 22 motor tasks. The handedness status was calculated in order to reflect the sinistrality‐dextrality continuum. All but one infant were unimanual reachers at 5 months of age. Preferential reaching was space dependent rather than object dependent at this stage. Children reaching for objects in the right hemispace predominantly with their right hand showed a significantly greater right hand laterality at late preschool age than children who at the age of 5 months had shown inconsistent hand use (p < .05). Children who at the age of 5 months had reached for objects in the left hemispace with their left hand proved to be less lateralized in their right hand use approximately 5 years later (p < .05). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 511–518, 2008.

Hand preference

Age groups

10.1002/dev.20307

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Citations (34)

A longitudinal study on hand use while building a tower

Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition (2007)

Peter B. Marschik Christa Einspieler Andrea Strohmeier Bettina Garzarolli H.F.R. Prechtl

The aim of the study was to describe a developmental trend of hand use for picking up and stacking blocks from the age of 18 months to 7 years. A second aim was to determine whether there is a relationship between right-hand use while building a tower and manual laterality at school age. A total of 28 children were asked to build a tower at five longitudinal assessments. The use of the right hand fluctuated considerably with age (p<.05), but no age-related increase was observed. Right-hand use was rather prominent at 18 months, decreased significantly at 26 months, increased at age 4;7, decreased again at 5;7, and finally increased again at age 7. From age 4;7 onwards, the percentage of right-hand use for stacking the blocks was significantly (p<.05) related to the laterality quotient at school age.

Age groups

Longitudinal Study

10.1080/13576500701317824

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Citations (8)