Background and Objectives:The purpose of our study was to obtain and characterize carrier systems in different sizes that can affect oral absorption, since the mechanisms of liposome absorption are not yet fully understood.From stomach to the small intestine, liposomes can be gradually destroyed.Understanding the factors that affect oral absorption leads to developing safe and effective nanosystems to improve the oral delivery of therapeutics.Materials and Methods: We determined the efficiency of the absorption of small and large liposomes at the level of gingival mucosa, heart, liver, testicles, kidneys, and lungs, using frozen-section fluorescence microscopy, on rat tissues after liposomes administration.A number of 36 male rats were divided in four groups: control groups, A and C, consisted of six rats each and did not receive liposomes; two other groups, B and D, were the experimental ones, and consisted of 12 male rats each.The animals received small liposomes (75-76 nm) and large liposomes (80-87 nm), respectively, administered either by endogastric tube or intraperitoneal injection.After 24 hours, the animals were sacrificed, and we harvested the organs.We performed frozen sections and analyzed them with fluorescence microscopy.Results: The frozen sections obtained from all organs revealed a higher absorption level of small liposomes in the testicles, liver, and gum, while the large liposomes had a greater affinity for the liver, with variations dependent on the route of administration.Conclusions: Frozensection fluorescence microscopy is a reliable technique for visualization of liposome absorption.Based on the size of these nanosystems, we revealed significant absorption for small liposomes in testicles, liver, heart, and gum, and for large liposomes mainly in the liver, compared with the control groups.The study advocates for the usage of liposomes for medical purposes, based on their absorption proprieties.
The present study aims to assess the effects of alcohol and drug consumption on the cerebral status of a newborn with risk. Although there is a vast literature on the quality of life in terms of health, there is no uniform point of view, since the well-being of a person implies other elements that consider not only health but also the economic and educational environment in which the individual evolves and often these factors are connected. Besides, there is no valid instrument for measuring the quality of life either for an adult or for a child. In most cases, alcohol consumption intensifies in time, significantly decresing the quality of life for the mother and especially for the conception product. The study focuses on showing the The study focuses on highlighting the psychosocial and pharmacological aspects relevant to the diagnosis and management of neonatal cerebral status. The study participants, whose responses were the base for the quantitative analyzes, were individually interviewed using a standardized interview protocol. The interviews were conducted between October 2015 and September 2017. The interview protocol included three sections, in this chapter focusing our attention on the following sections: a) socio-demographic characteristics: age of gestation, sex of the newborn; b) clinical data: Presentation, Weight at Birth, Apgar Score, Cerebral Saturation (rSO2), Peripheral saturation (SpO2), The extraction fraction (FTOE), Parameters harvested from the umbilical cord at birth (pH, Base excess (BE), pCO2, pO2, MetHb, COHb), c) risk profile: mother�s alcohol consumption, including during pregnancy and drug use. The study group consisted of 90 infants born full term in Elena Doamna Maternity Hospital in Iasi, between 2015-2017, included in the programme of follow-up of the newborn with risk with the purpose of performing an non-invasive assessment of the fetal and neonatal cerebral status, in order to prevent and establish treatment methods for perinatal asphyxia. Based on the information obtained through the preliminary documentation, 30 newborns with alcohol and / or drug-consuming mothers and 60 neonates with risk-free mothers were selected - the control batch, who accepted to participate in the study.The cases studied showed the homogeneity of the groups depending on the mother�s age and gestational age, as well as the sex of the newborn and the weight at birth (p]0.05). In neonates from mothers at risk, the under-reference level of 1-minute brain saturation, combined with a lower gestational age and the 62.5% probability of performing a caesarean section at low levels of cerebral saturation was noted in 66.7% of newborns.The cut off value of SpO2, was established at 70 mL/ 100g/1 min, with a sensitivity of 50.9% and a specificity of 51.3%, after reading the coordinates of ROC curve, but the prediction was not significant from the statistical point of view (p=0.670). The mean level of base excess was al excesului de baze was slightly lower in newborns with the extraction fraction below the cut off value (-4.64 vs -4.18; p=0.560). According to the cases studied, 1 min after birth, 23.3% of the newborns showed an increased level of pCO2 associated with a reduced level of peripheral saturation (r= -0.231; p=0.05). The correlation between the pO2 level and the cerebral saturation, recorded 1 min after birth, was direct, but reduced as intensity (r= +0.295; p=0.049). About 27% of the newborns associated increased values of pO2 with reduced values of the extraction fraction (r=-0.272; p=0.047). The newborns with an extraction fraction over the cut off value had a level of COHb below 1% (p=0.756) more frequently. Newborns from mothers who have consumed alcohol and / or drugs, including during pregnancy, show a reduced level of cerebral saturation and peripheral saturation 1 minute after birth. In 16.7% of newborns, the extraction limit was below the baseline 1 minute after birth.
Eggs from avian hybrid ROSS-308 have undergone incubation process, after previously being controlled, sanitized, measured and weighed. We made three groups of eggs, one control (LM) and two experimental (LE1 and LE2).The 3 groups were homogeneous, both as a weight (59.47 to 62.371 g) and volume (55.417 to 58.177 cm3) and surface (59.315 to 72.305 cm2). The eggs of the two experimental groups were injected 0.1 mL of a solution of magnesium nitrate, solution which had a concentration of 0.16%, for LE1 and of 0.61% for LE2. The timing of injection of the solution was at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after the beginning of the incubation process, for both experimental groups. At the end of incubation period we studied both embryos and the resulting offspring. They were weighed, measured and evaluated in terms of necropsy, and some of them were slaughtered and dissected, extracting from them a series of body organs such as the heart, liver, stomach and intestinal mass. From the heart some histological samples were taken which were processed by paraffin sectioning techniques to yield 20 three-color (HEA) stained histological slides. These samples were studied by optic microscopy and we highlighted the modifications that appeared to the myocardial tissue. Heart weighted between 0.3308 to 0.3843 g, representing 0.807 to 1.062% of the body weight. Myocardial tissue has undergone significant pathological changes such as metaplasia of the vascular wall, perivascular edema, disintegration and degeneration of muscle cells and myocardial steatosis.
Endometriosis is described as a gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; extensively explored because of its increasing incidency, with an indubitable diagnostic only after invasive surgery, with no efficient treatment, it has still many aspects to be elucidated. A growing body of facts sustain oxidative stress as a crucial factor between the numerous incriminated factors implicated in endometriosis ethiopathogeny. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) act to decline reproductive function. Our study intends to determine if an experimental model of endometriosis may be useful to assess the impact of oxidative stress on endometrial cells; we have used a murine model of 18 adult Wistar female rats. A fragment from their left uterine horn was implanted in the abdominal wall. After 4 weeks, a laparatomy was performed, 5 endometrial implants were removed, followed by biochemical tissue assay of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, the implants were removed for histopathological exam and biochemical assay of antioxidant enzymes. The results revealed decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes, pointing on significant oxidative stress involvement.
To examine the effect of high dose vitamin D3 treatment on visceral adipose tissue, we used vitamin D deficient male Wistar rats (18 months old) as a model of sarcopenia. The aging process is not only responsive for the losing muscle mass but also for redistribution of lipid resulting in altered fatty acid storage and dysdifferentiation of mesenchymal precursors. The effect of aging and vitamin D treatment (weekly oral gavage with 0.125 mg vitamin D3 (5000 IU)/100g body weight) on the omental adipose tissue were histological examinated. At the end of the experiment (9 monhs), adaptive changes to the reduction of adipogenesis and increased apoptosis in response to long-term treatment with vitamin D consisted of smaller size of adipocyte and moderate macrophage infiltrate.
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