A yeast two-hybrid assay has identified an androgen-dependent interaction of androgen receptor (AR) with amino-terminal enhancer of split (AES), a member of the highly conserved Groucho/TLE family of corepressors. Full-length AR, as well as the N-terminal fragment of AR, showed direct interactions with AES in in vitro protein-protein interaction assays. AES specifically inhibited AR-mediated transcription in a well-defined cell-free transcription system and interacted specifically with the basal transcription factor (TFIIE) in HeLa nuclear extract. These observations implicate AES as a selective repressor of ligand-dependent AR-mediated transcription that acts by directly interacting with AR and by targeting the basal transcription machinery.
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for retinitis pigmentosa(RP)and cataract.Methods About 16 patients(30 eyes)with RP and cataract were retrospectively analyzed.The posterior scleral reinforcement combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were performed in all patients,the visual acuity at postoperative 1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months were recorded,the visual field and ERG were observed.Results There were 24 eyes with visual acuity improved be and more than 2 lines,4 eyes less than 2 lines,2 eyes without improvement,and statistical differences were found between visual acuity before and after operation(P0.05 or 0.01).At postoperative 1st day,slight corneal edema appeared in 3 eyes,positive Tyndall symptom in 5 eyes,all disappeared in 2 to 7 days after local dropping with corticosteroid hormone.The intraocular pressure before and after operation were all normal and without transient ocular hypertension,IOL deviation,corneal endothelial decompensation and retinal detachment.Compared with pre-operation,visual field enlarged,light sensitivity improved at post-operation.Conclusion Posterior scleral reinforcement combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation is a safe and effective method for patients with RP and cataract.
BACKGROUND Solitary thyroid nodules present a challenge in differentiating between benign and malignant conditions using ultrasound (US). Arrival time parameter imaging (At-PI) following contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can effectively visualize the vascular architectural patterns of the nodules, providing valuable diagnostic information. This study aimed to explore the application value of At-PI in differentiating thyroid nodules, specifically focusing on a sample of 127 cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS From October 2020 to December 2023, 127 thyroid nodules from 108 patients who underwent ultrasound and CEUS examinations at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were reviewed. Pathological outcomes served as the criterion standard, categorizing the nodules into a benign group (44 cases) and a malignant group (83 cases). At-PI was employed to analyze the CEUS videos, allowing for a comparison of parameters between the 2 groups. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of 2 quantitative parameters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS After conducting the chi-square test, the differences between the 2 groups regarding enhancement time, perfusion pattern, and perfusion defect were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the 2 groups over the time span (ΔT) (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) for ΔT₄₋₃ and ΔT₆₋₅ were 0.715 (95% CI: 0.624-0.805) and 0.763 (95% CI: 0.676-0.851). CONCLUSIONS At-PI can offer more effective parameters for differentiating thyroid nodules. Additionally, some of these parameters exhibit notable diagnostic performance in the detection of thyroid cancer.
A parallel-coupled dual racetrack modulator is experimentally demonstrated. At 50 Gb/s, the extinction ratio (ER) is over 9 dB; and 40~50% modulation depth enhancement is obtained compared to a single resonator modulator with a peak-to-peak driving voltage of 2.3 V. A procedure for configuring four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) states is theoretically developed to tackle the complex multi-variable transfer function of this modulator. We demonstrate 100 Gb/s PAM-4 modulation without an external digital-to-analog converter (DAC), with electro-optic modulation power consumption < 40 fJ/bit for this device.
Objective
To examine the sex differences in prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs and drug-induced side effects in schizophrenia patients in China.
Methods
Using the same design and a standardized protocol as in 2002 and 2006, the cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August, 2012 in 45 psychiatric hospitals/centers in 10 provinces and municipalities in China. Inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia were consecutively screened for eligibility for this study. Sociodemographic characteristics and prescription pattern were collected by using a modified questionnaire for the study. Data comparisons between male and female were performed with univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the gender differences in prescription pattern and drug-induced side effects.
Results
The sample consisted of 2 260 male and 1 979 female patients. Univariate analyses showed that male patients were younger than female patients (t=5.398), having an earlier age at onset (t= 5.662), higher percentage of being employed (χ2=31.597), and more negative symptoms (χ2=10.814) and aggressive behavior (χ 2=5.816), more likely to receive clozapine (23.9% (472/1 979 ) vs. 28.5% (645/2 260), χ2=11.955), higher antipsychotic doses (476 mg vs. 514 mg, F=14.003), less use of antidepressants (7.9% (156/1 979 ) vs. 6.0% (136/2 260) , χ 2=5.722) and benzodiazepines (23.9% (472/1 979) vs. 20.0%(451/2 260) , χ2=9.396), more frequent tardive dyskinesia (1.3%(25/1 979) vs. 2.1% (47/2 260) , χ2=4.212) and less weight gain (11.0%(218/1 979) vs. 7.7% (173/2 260) , χ2=14.233) and prolactin elevation (3.2% (63/1 979) vs. 1.7% (39/2 260) , χ2=9.548; all P<0.05). In multivariate analyses, greater rate of clozapine use (OR=1.268, P=0.001), less rate of benzodiazepines use (OR=0.841, P=0.025) and antidepressants (OR=0.78, P=0.045) , higher rate of tardive dyskinesia (OR=1.879, P=0.014) and less weight gain (OR=0.669, P=0.001) and prolactin elevation (OR=0.527, P=0.003) were independently associated with the male sex.
Conclusion
Gender is one of the independent contributors to psychotropic prescription pattern and side effects of antipsychotics in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Gender differences should be given more attention in research and clinical practice.
Key words:
Schizophrenia; Antipsychotic agents; Prescription; Gender; Survey
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