Maria A. Mamkaeva

St Petersburg University

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Sergey A. Karpov

Zoological Institute

David Moreira

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Purificación López‐García

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Vladimir V. Aleoshin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Victoria S. Tcvetkova

St Petersburg University

Kira A. Mamkaeva

St Petersburg University

Andrey E. Vishnyakov

St Petersburg University

Olga V. Popova

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Philosophy

K.S. Mamanazarova

Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan

Guifré Torruella

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Cooperative Institutions

St Petersburg University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Université Paris-Sud

AgroParisTech

Écologie, Systématique et Évolution

Université Paris-Saclay

Russian Academy of Sciences

Zoological Institute

St. Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics

Université Paris Cité

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Morphology, phylogeny, and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia

Frontiers in Microbiology (2014)

Sergey A. Karpov Maria A. Mamkaeva Vladimir V. Aleoshin Elena Nassonova Osu Lilje

The aphelids are a small group of intracellular parasitoids of common species of eukaryotic phytoplankton with three known genera Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, and Pseudaphelidium, and ten valid species, which form along with related environmental sequences a very diverged group. The phyla Microsporidia and Cryptomycota, and the class Aphelidea have recently been considered to be а deep branch of Holomycota lineage forming the so called the ARM-clade which is sister to the fungi. In this review we reorganize the taxonomy of ARM-clade, and establish a new superphylum Opisthosporidia with three phyla: Aphelida phyl. nov., Cryptomycota and Microsporidia. We discuss here all aspects of aphelid investigations: history of our knowledge, life cycle peculiarities, the morphology (including the ultrastructure), molecular phylogeny, ecology, and provide a taxonomic revision of the phylum supplied with a list of species. We compare the aphelids with their nearest relatives, the species of Rozella, and improve the diagnosis of the phylum Cryptomycota.

Lineage (genetic)

10.3389/fmicb.2014.00112

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Citations (209)

Molecular Phylogeny of Paraphelidium letcheri sp. nov. (Aphelida, Opisthosporidia)

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (2016)

Sergey A. Karpov Guifré Torruella David Moreira Maria A. Mamkaeva Purificación López-Garcı́a

Abstract Aphelids remain poorly known parasitoids of algae and have recently raised considerable interest due to their phylogenetic position at the base of Holomycota. Together with Cryptomycota (Rozellosporidia) and Microsporidia, they have been recently re‐classified as the Opisthosporidia, which constitutes the sister group to the fungi within the Holomycota. Molecular environmental studies have revealed a huge diversity of aphelids, but only four genera have been described: Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, Paraphelidium , and Pseudaphelidium . Here, we describe the life cycle of a new representative of Aphelida, Paraphelidium letcheri sp. nov., and provide the 18S rRNA gene sequence for this species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that P. letcheri is sister to Paraphelidium tribonemae and together they form a monophyletic cluster which is distantly related to both, Aphelidium, with flagellated zoospores, and Amoebaphelidium, with amoeboid zoospores.

Monophyly

Molecular Phylogenetics

Sister group

10.1111/jeu.12389

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Citations (26)

Phylogenetic position of the genus Mesochytrium (Chytridiomycota) based on zoospore ultrastructure and sequences from the 18S and 28S rRNA gene

Nova Hedwigia (2010)

Sergey A. Karpov Peter M. Letcher Maria A. Mamkaeva Kira A. Mamkaeva

Ultrastructural features and a molecular phylogeny of Mesochytrium penetrans (strain X-10 CALU) based on 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences were investigated for the first time. The parasite is strongly specific for the green alga Chlorococcum minutum (Chlorococcales) and did not grow on another 29 strains of algae from the CALU collection. Most attention was paid to the zoospore ultrastructure. Ribosomes are dispersed through the cytoplasm. The nucleus and microbodylipid globule complex (MLC) is surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum. The MLC is composed of a single mitochondrion and a single lipid globule partially covered with a microbody and a fenestrated cisterna, which is most posterior. The non-flagellated centriole is shorter than the kinetosome and lies at an angle of approximately 30° to the latter, the two being connected with a broad, dense fibrillar bridge. The flagellar transition zone contains a spiral fiber. The non-flagellated centriole is surrounded by a thin fiber, and has a veil. The features that distinguish Mesochytrium are the partial penetration of the sporangium into the host cell, and a zoospore with unique ultrastructural configuration. In our phylogeny, M. penetrans was nested within Lobulomycetales and the Polychytrium clade, but its phylogenetic position is tenuous because of marginal support, and thus its family and order status are considered incertae sedis. Zoospores of M. penetrans are most similar to those of Synchytrium macrosporum and Rozella allomycis, which belong to different clades. These ultrastructural similarities may be a result of the relative simplicity of zoospore morphology, and do not reflect a phylogenetic relationship between these genera.

Chytridiomycota

Zoospore

10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0090-0081

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Citations (23)

The parasite of algae Amoeboradix spp. represents a highly divergent eukaryotic lineage potentially related to fungi

Sergey A. Karpov David Moreira Maria A. Mamkaeva Victoria S. Tcvetkova Andrey E. Vishnyakov

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Culture collection of parasitic protists at the Zoological Institute RAS (CCPP ZIN RAS)

Protistology (2016)

Marina N. Malysheva Maria A. Mamkaeva Alexei Yu. Kostygov Alexander O. Frolov Sergey A. Karpov

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Monoblepharidomycetes diversity includes new parasitic and saprotrophic species with highly intronized rDNA

Fungal Biology (2017)

Sergey A. Karpov K.S. Mamanazarova Olga V. Popova Vladimir V. Aleoshin Timothy Y. James

10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.002

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Citations (31)

Estimation of the occurrence of certain algal parasites in Lake Ladoga and adjacent water bodies

Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement Volumes (2002)

B.V. Gromov Kira A. Mamkaeva Alla V. Pljusch Ludmila N. Voloshko Maria A. Mamkaeva

The number of infectious units (IU) of algal parasites, chytridiomycetes and endoparasitic Aphelidium growing on Tribonema gayanum or Chlorococcum minutum, was evaluated in Ladoga lake and adjacent water bodies. Parasites were detected in all 10 stations examined. The number of IU was between 0.1-1.6 per 300 ml of water. Parasites of algae should be considered as regular members of natural microbial associations in fresh waters.

Water body

10.1127/algol_stud/107/2002/173

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Citations (1)

New Member of Gromochytriales (Chytridiomycetes)—Apiochytrium granulosporum nov. gen. et sp.

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (2018)

Sergey A. Karpov David Moreira Maria A. Mamkaeva Olga V. Popova Vladimir V. Aleoshin

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences of nearly any species of Chytridiomycota has typically challenged traditional classification and triggered taxonomic revision. This has often led to the establishment of new taxa which, normally, appears well supported by zoospore ultrastructure, which provides diagnostic characters. To construct a meaningful and comprehensive classification of Chytridiomycota, the combination of molecular phylogenies and morphological studies of traditionally defined chytrid species is needed. In this work, we have studied morphological and ultrastructural features based on light and transmission electron microscopy as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis of a parasite (strain X-124 CCPP ZIN RAS) morphologically similar to Rhizophydium granulosporum living on the yellow-green alga Tribonema gayanum. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence of this strain supports that it represents a new genus and species affiliated to the recently established order Gromochytriales. The ultrastructure of X-124 confirms its phylogenetic position sister to Gromochytrium and serves as the basis for the description of the new genus and species Apiochytrium granulosporum. The 18S rRNA gene of A. granulosporum contains a S943 group I intron that carries a homing endonuclease pseudogene.

Chytridiomycota

10.1111/jeu.12702

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Citations (5)

Molecular Phylogeny and Ultrastructure of Aphelidium aff. melosirae (Aphelida, Opisthosporidia)

Protist (2014)

Sergey A. Karpov Maria A. Mamkaeva Karim Benzerara David Moreira Purificación López-Garcı́a

Molecular Phylogenetics

Sister group

Protist

10.1016/j.protis.2014.05.003

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Citations (42)

Gromochytrium mamkaevae gen. & sp. nov. and two new orders: Gromochytriales and Mesochytriales (Chytridiomycetes)

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (2014)

Sergey A. Karpov A.A. Kobseva Maria A. Mamkaeva Kira A. Mamkaeva Kirill V. Mikhailov

During the last decade several new orders were established in the class Chytridiomycetes on the basis of zoospore ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny. Here we present the ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of strain x-51 CALU - a parasite of the alga Tribonema gayanum, originally described as Rhizophydium sp. based on light microscopy. Detailed investigation revealed that the zoospore ultrastructure of this strain has unique characters not found in any order of Chytridiomycetes: posterior ribosomal core unbounded by the endoplasmic reticulum and detached from the nucleus or microbody-lipid complex, and kinetosome composed of microtubular doublets. An isolated phylogenetic position of x-51 is further confirmed by the analysis of 18S and 28S rRNA sequences, and motivates the description of a new genus and species Gromochytrium mamkaevae. The sister position of G. mamkaevae branch relative to Mesochytrium and a cluster of environmental sequences, as well as the ultrastructural differences between Gromochytrium and Mesochytrium zoospores prompted us to establish two new orders: Gromochytriales and Mesochytriales.

Zoospore

Microbody

Molecular Phylogenetics

10.3767/003158514x680234

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Citations (44)