Zvonimir Zdunić

Agricultural Institute Osijek

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Domagoj Šimić

Agricultural Institute Osijek

Antun Jambrović

University of Zagreb

Ivan Brkić

University of Zagreb

Tatjana Ledenčan

Agricultural Institute Osijek

Andrija Brkić

Agricultural Institute Osijek

Josip Brkić

Agricultural Institute Osijek

Vlatko Galić

Agricultural Institute Osijek

Mario Franić

Institute of Agriculture and Tourism

Vlado Kovačević

Institute of Agricultural Economics Belgrade

Anto Mijić

Agricultural Institute Osijek

Cooperative Institutions

Agricultural Institute Osijek

University of Osijek

University of Zagreb

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops

University of Sarajevo

University of Novi Sad

University of Belgrade

Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje

University of Montenegro

Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje

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Influence of genotype and potassium on sulphur status in maize plants

Vlado Kovačević Imre Kádár Zvonimir Zdunić

In general, maize and other cereals are moderate needs for sulphur and mostly there are adequate sulphur levels in nutrient medium for their normal growth. However sulphur deficiency is increasing throughout the world as a result of decreased use of S-containing fertilizers, intensive cultivation, use of high-yielding varieties, and use of S-free fungicides.. For this reason, we presume that in near future, sulphur could be more limited factor of plant nutrition, even those plant species of moderate needs for S. There are evidence that maize responded to S fertilization. Beaton (1980) reported that maize grain yield increased for 18% (mean of 19 field trials in six states of USA) as affected by S application. Also, under Indian conditions (Tandon 1995), maize grain yields were increased for about 40% (mean of three studies), while wheat grain yields for about 25% (mean of 32 studies). As plant nutrition is under influences both environmental and inheritance factors, we tested plant sulphur status (the ear-leaf S concentrations at beginning of the silking stage) of six maize hybrids which were grown under identical environmental conditions (the field trial of increased K fertilization on strong K-fixing soil). Six maize hybrids (OsSK377, OsSK382, OsSK407, OsSK552, OsSK644 and Bc66-61) were grown under field conditions (four replications, exp. plot 18.2 m2 ; the growing season 1993) and four levels of muriate of potash (KCl containing 60% K2O), which were applied three year ago (1990) in the quantities as follows:: 150, 1000, 1900 and 3250 kg K2O/ha - exp. plot of fertilization 294 m2 ). Soil is classified as drained gleysol developed on calcareous loess. It is characterized by strong K fixation and oversupplies of Mg and Ca. By soil testing (depth 0-30 cm ; NH4-Acetate/EDTA extraction), we found quantities of nutrients as follows (mg/kg): 51390 Ca, 1482 Mg, 102 K and 63 S. The ear-leaf at beginning of the silking stage (middle of July 1993) was taken from each plot (25 leaves in mean sample) for chemical analysis. Plant sulphur status were determined by ICP technique in the Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Budapest. The ear-leaf S status were under considerable influence of inheritance factors. For example, in the Os382 hybrid it was found about one third higher S concentration compared to Os407 hybrid (Table 1). In general, low connection was found between plant S status and grain yield probably because of adequate soil S status. The most influencing factor of grain yield was K fertilization because of specific soil stress induced by K deficiency. However, K fertilization negatively influenced on the ear-leaf S status in maize: they were in mean about 23% lower compared to control as affected by the highest rate of K fertilization. Also, PDR (Table 1) values were considerable lower under soil stress conditions induced by K deficiency. Table 1. Influences of hybrids and K fertilization on the ear-leaf (the beginning of the silking stage: middle of July 1993) S status (on dry matter basis) and grain yields of maize Influence of factor hybrid (means of four K doses)Influence of factor K fertilization (means of six hybrids) HybridGrain yield (t/ha)* PDR (%)**The ear-leaf S status (mg S/kg) kg K2O/haGrain yield (t/ha)* PDR (%)**The ear-leaf S status (mg S/kg) OsSK377 OsSK382 OsSK407 OsSK552 OsSK644 Bc 66-614.60 4.99 5.31 4.95 4.70 4.3576.7 80.5 93.1 87.3 77.5 85.41861 2063 1552 1859 1722 1908 150 1000 1900 3250 1.83 4.08 6.32 7.04 67.9 82.4 89.8 93.6 2104 1862 1737 1620 LSD 0.050.24780.44113 * calculated on 14% moisture basis and realized plant density with correction for share of female-sterile plants ** PDR = plant density realization: 100% = 68027 plants/ha (OsSK377), 63492 (OsSK 382, OsSK407, OsSK552) and 54945 (OsSK644 and Bc66-61) References: Beaton J. D. (1980): Sulphur: One key to high yields in small and coarse grains. Solutions, 24, No 6, 16-33. Tandon H. L. S. (1995): Sulphur in Indian Agriculture: Update 1995. Sulphur in Agriculture , vol. 19. p.3-8.The Sulphur Institute, Washington, DC, USA.

Potash

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New winter wheat varieties during different climate challenges

Valentina Španić Josipa Ćosić Rosemary Vuković Zorana Katanić Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac

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ESTIMATION OF GENETIC EFFECTS ON PLANT HEIGHT IN TWO SPECIFIC PAIRS OF INBRED LINES AND ITS SIX BASIC GENERATIONS

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (2003)

Zvonimir Zdunić Domagoj Šimić Ivan Brkić Antun Jambrović Renata Zdunić

Inbred strain

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Hermetically Sealed Storage of Cereal Seeds and its Influence on Vigour and Germination

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (2003)

Vlado Guberac S. Marić Alojzije Lalić Georg Drezner Zvonimir Zdunić

Abstract Investigations of the influence of hermetic cereal seed storage on germination were carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek (Croatia) over 5 years (1992–96). Seeds of four species (winter wheat, winter barley, spring oat, and maize) were stored in hermetic glass containers at an air temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 65 %. The moisture level in stored seeds was 13 %. After 5 years, statistically highly significant associations (P < 0.01) were found between storage longevity (five researched years) and seed germination of the four cereals. Germination of all investigated cereals was high (between 97.25 % for maize and 93 % for winter wheat) after harvest. The germination level decreased for all cereals, on average by 38 %, over the 5 years of storage. The highest germination values were found for wheat seeds (84.75 %) and the lowest germination values for maize seeds (36.0 %). The results showed that germination of all investigated cereals seeds was negatively correlated with storage longevity. The differences in germination found amongst the cereals were statistically highly significant (P < 0.01).

10.1046/j.1439-037x.2003.00596.x

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Influences of soil and genotypes on micronutrients status in maize plants

Poljoprivreda (2003)

Manda Antunović Vlado Kovačević Mirta Rastija Zvonimir Zdunić

Ten corn hybrids were grown on two soil types of Drava Valley in Slatina area (alluvial soil and pseudogley) during two growing seasons (1998 and 1999). The ear-leaf at beginning of silking stage was taken for chemical analysis. Micronutrients concentrations in corn leaves samples were measured by ICP-AES after their microwave digestion using concentrated HNO3+H2O2. Mobile fraction of these elements in soils was also determined by ICP-AES after their extraction by ammonium acetate-EDTA. In both year of testing, corn yields on acid soil were about 25% lower in comparison with alluvial soil. Mean concentrations of tested elements in corn leaves found in our investigations (mg kg-1) were 30.4 (Zn), 129.4 (Mn) and 190.0 (Fe), respectively. In general, significant influences of growing season, soil type and genotype on Zn, Mn and Fe status in corn were found. For example, in the first year of testing were found higher Zn and Mn, as well lower Fe concentrations in comparison with the second year. Corn growing on alluvial soil resulted by lower Zn and Mn as well higher Fe concentrations in plants compared to growing on pseudogley. However, these findings are not in coincidence with status of mobile fractions of Zn and Mn in the experimental plots. We presume that pH value near to neutral on alluvial soil could be responsible factor because under these conditions is low availability Zn and Mn for plants. In our study was found important role of heredity factors on Zn, Mn and Fe status in corn because differences among the hybrids (mean values for two growing seasons and two soil types) under identical environmental conditions were in ranges (mg kg-1) from 26.8 to 36.0 (Zn), from 98.6 to 150.4 (Mn) and from 168.2 to 222.4 (Fe), respectively. It is very indicative that the first-ranged hybrid concerning grain yield (OsSK458exp: 12.34 t ha-1) is in the group characterizing low concentrations of Zn, Mn and Fe in leaves.

Soil test

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Breeding strategies for metal accumulation in maize – from conventional breeding to cisgenesis

Domagoj Šimić Mario Franić Hrvoje Fulgosi Zdenko Lončarić Roberta Sorić

Although major crops have been investigated for decades for altering metal concentrations in various tissues, the interest has been recently intensified because of biofortification and phytoremediation programs. The particular goals are enhancing concentrations of beneficial metals such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) and/or reducing concentrations of toxic elements (e.g. cadmium - Cd). Our results in maize showed that metal accumulation in leaf and grain are mostly controlled by numerous small-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs), indicating long-term conventional breeding as a breeding strategy. However, we identified, validated and confirmed a major QTL for leaf Cd concentration on chromosome 2 (bin 2.06). We detected a putative candidate gene of known function on the basis of co- location with the major QTL. Our findings could aid rapid development of maize genotypes with decreased/increased Cd accumulation in leaves by manipulation of the gene. Using the detected gene in maize breeding via the new cisgenic approach will be discussed.

Biofortification

Plant Breeding

Germ plasm

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COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES UNDER FHB STRESS

Valentina Španić Marija Viljevac Vuletić Georg Drezner Zvonimir Zdunić

Winter wheat

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Hibrid kukuruza FILIGRAN

Antun Jambrović Ivan Brkić Domagoj Šimić Zvonimir Zdunić Josip Brkić

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Chemical components of kernel quality in sh2 sweet corn genotypes (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.) as affected by harvest date

Journal of Central European Agriculture (2020)

Tatjana Ledenčan Sanja Špoljarić Marković Marija Viljevac Vuletić Vlatko Galić Antun Jambrović

Kernel water (KW) and total soluble sugars (TSS) are major components of sweet corn taste, while total carotenoids (TC), total phenols (TP) and antioxidant activity (AA) contribute to its health benefits. Main objective was to determine the effect of genotype, harvest date and year on chemical components of kernel quality in shrunken (sh2) sweet corn. Nine sh2 genotypes were harvested at 3-day intervals from 20 to 32 days after pollination (DAP) over two years. Growing season significantly affected TC and TP only. Significant differences among genotypes were found for KW (75.3 - 77.4%), TTS (282.4 - 343.2 mg/g), TC (9.3 - 15.7 µg/g), TP (243.6 - 289.4 mg GEA/100 g) and AA (74.6 - 83.6 % inhibition). Effect of harvest date and genotype by harvest date interaction was significant for all traits. Compared to the 20 DAP, KW and TSS decreased, while TC, TP and AA tended to increase with later harvest dates. Based on KW, genotypes OS 5Esh and Overland extended harvest window up to 29 DAP. In contrast, optimum harvest window for genotype OS 244sh finished at 20 DAP. Extended harvest window for genotype Overland resulted in significant increase of TC (62.8%), TP (12.1%) and AA (12.4%).

10.5513/jcea01/21.3.2677

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Razvoj uljnih hibrida suncokreta u Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek

Anto Mijić Ivica Liović Aleksandra Sudarić Zvonimir Zdunić Luka Andrić

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