Background It is not clear whether unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leads to better outcomes in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of our meta-analysis was to compare the clinical outcomes of UKA and TKA in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. Methods We searched all major medical databases for randomized controlled trials or well-designed quasi-randomized trials that compared UKA with TKA in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis and conducted a meta-analysis with RevMan software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, England) to compare the clinical outcomes after assessment of study quality and heterogeneity. Results The results of the meta-analysis indicated that UKA required more revisions in the group with follow-up of less than 5 years after operation (risk ratio [RR]=3.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-9.77; P=0.02), but the difference was not significant after 5 years (RR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.29-2.60; P=0.81). Patients who underwent UKA had better range of motion (weighted mean difference [WMD]=6.43°; 95% CI: 3.46-9.40; P<0.001) and fewer complications (RR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.08-0.52; P=0.0009) than those who had TKA. Knee Society Scores were similar between the groups (WMD=0.16; 95% CI: -2.12-2.45; P=0.89), but functional scores were higher for the UKA than TKA group (WMD=1.96; 95% CI: 0.15-3.78; P=0.03). Conclusions UKA provided better postoperative function and fewer complications than TKA. UKA called for more revisions in the group with follow-up of 5 years or less (follow up 0–5 years), but the difference was not significant after 5 years (follow-up 5–15 years).
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex and severe psychiatric condition characterized by emotional, self-image, behavior, and relational instability. While adult BPD heterogeneity has been extensively studied, the phenomenological borderline personality features (BPFs) in adolescence remain uninvestigated. This study aimed to explore the potentially dynamic causal relationships between BPFs in adolescence and identify the subtypes through cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis. Two independent Chinese adolescent samples were followed over 18 months (
The present study aims to develop the Chinese Invalidating Family Scale (CIFS) and examine its psychometric properties. The CIFS comprises two parts that measure the degree (Part 1) and types (Part 2) of family invalidation. Study 1 explored the structure and reliability of the CIFS using data from Sample 1 (N = 1323; Mage = 26.3) and Sample 2 (N = 152; Mage = 25.1). Part 1 of the CIFS is separated into father (20 items) and mother (27 items) subscales. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors for the father subscale and five factors for the mother subscale. The shared factors are neglect, denial, emotional dysregulation, and overemphasis on achievements, while psychological control is the unique dimension for Mother subscale. Part 2 includes five items assessing the types of family environment. Results indicated acceptable to good reliability of the CIFS, with Cronbach's α higher than 0.60, split-half reliability higher than 0.70, ICCs higher than 0.70, and high criterion-related validity. Study 2 examined the structure and the validity of Part 1 with Sample 3 (N = 2282; Mage = 19.90) through confirmatory factor analysis. Part 1 showed good construct validity (RMSEAs = 0.05, GFI, NFI, CFI, and AGFI >0.90) and acceptable convergent validity (AVE >0.36, CR >0.76). Overall, the CIFS is a promisingly stable and valid tool to evaluate the invalidating family environment in Chinese culture.本研究旨在编制中国无效家庭环境量表(CIFS)，并检验其心理测量学方面的性质。CIFS由两部分组成，分别衡量无效家庭的程度(第1部分)和类型(第2部分)。研究1使用样本1 (N = 1323; Mage = 26.3)和样本2 (N = 152;平均年龄 = 25.1)来探索CIFS的结构和信度。CIFS的第1部分被分为父亲(20项)和母亲(27项)子量表。探索性因素分析确定了父亲子量表的四个因素和母亲子量表的五个因素。父母子量表共同的因素包括忽视、否认、情绪失调和过分强调成就，而心理控制是母亲子量表的独特维度。第2部分包含评估家庭环境类型的5个项目。结果表明，CIFS有可接受的信度，Cronbach ‘s α值高于0.60，分半信度高于0.70,ICCs高于0.70，效标关联效度较高。研究2通过确认性因素分析对样本3(N = 2282；Mage = 19.90)的第1部分的结构和效度进行了研究。第1部分显示出较好的结构效度 (RMSEAs = 0.05, GFI、NFI、CFI、AGFI >0.90)，和可接受的聚敛效度(AVE >0.36, CR >0.76)。总体而言，CIFS是一个稳定而有效的工具，可以用来评估中国文化中的无效家庭环境。.
The language world is not corresponding to the objective world one by one. The type of Qing words is not merely corresponding to kinds of Qing in the objective world either. Owing to the intervention of the cultural world and the psychic world, the intrinsic structure and the external meaning of the type of Qing words open up a large area in which the trail can be found.
Background Through the standardization of residency training in certain Chinese medical education institutions, it was discovered that the current evaluation system falls short in accurately assessing residents’ professional skills in clinical practice. Therefore, we developed the list of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) in orthopaedic residency training to explore a new evaluation system. Methods The process of constructing EPAs includes seven steps. 40 orthopaedic residents were randomly assigned to two groups (20 in each). The experimental group used the EPAs evaluation system while the control group employed the traditional Mini Clinical Exercise (Mini-CEX) system. Post-residency, theoretical and practical tests were conducted to measure training effectiveness. Additionally, a survey gauged teaching satisfaction, knowledge mastery, and course engagement in both groups. Results The control group scored an average of 76.05 ± 10.58, while the experimental group achieved 83.30 ± 8.69 ( p < 0.05) on the combined theoretical and practical test. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning teaching satisfaction, knowledge mastery, and course engagement. Conclusion The application of EPAs in orthopaedic residency training yielded higher theoretical and practical test scores compared to the traditional formative evaluation system. It also enhanced teaching satisfaction, knowledge mastery, and course engagement. The EPAs present a potential model for national orthopaedic residency training.
Abstract Background: Rice yield has a complex genetic architecture, which mainly determined by its three component traits: the number of grains per panicle (GPP), kilo-grain weight (KGW) and tillers per plant (TP). Exploring ideotype breeding based on selection for genetically less complex component traits is an alternative route for further improving rice production. Thus, it is important that studying the genetic basis of relationship between rice yield and component traits and selecting the component traits to improve the rice production. Main text: In this study, we carried out meta-analyses of genome-wide association study (Meta-GWAS) with two populations (575 + 1495 F 1 ) in different environments for yield and its three component traits in rice. 3589 significant loci for three components traits were detected, while only 3 significant loci for yield were detected. It indicated that rice yield is mainly controlled by minor-effect loci and hardly to be identified. Selecting quantitative trait locus (QTL)/gene affected component traits to further enhance yield is recommended. Mendelian randomization (MR) design was adopted to investigate the genetic effects of loci on yield through component traits and estimate the genetic relationship between rice yield and its component traits by these loci. The loci for GPP or TP mainly had a positive genetic effect on yield, but the loci for KGW with different direction of effects (positive effect or negative effect). Additionally, TP (Beta=1.865) has a greater effect on yield than KGW (Beta=1.016) and GPP (Beta=0.086). Five significant loci for component traits with indirect effect on yield were identified. Pyramiding superior alleles of the five loci revealed improved yield. A combination of direct and indirect effects may better contribute to the yield potential of rice. Conclusions: Our findings provided a rationale for using component traits as indirect indices to enhanced rice yield, which will be helpful for further understanding the genetic basis of yield, and provide valuable information for improving rice yield potential.
Both British English (BrE) American English (MmE) have great influence on English learned by Chinese students. Through a questionnaire survey and a follow-up interview, this research examines how Chinese English-major students are using the two varieties. The findings are summarized as follows: the majority (over 75% ) of the students claim that they are not clear or not so clear about the differences between BrE and AmE and over 65% of them have been confused about these differences, especially in pronunciation and vocabulary; nearly half of the students habitually speak and write in BrE while around 25% in AmE; in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar, the majority use the BrE usages in most cases, but in some cases the American usages have been commonly employed and in still other cases, both.
Abstract Background The psychodynamic concept of personality organization was originally proposed by Kernberg that measures personality pathology from a dimensional approach, which can be evaluated by the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) from six domains (i.e., Identity, Object Relations, Primitive Defenses, Coping vs Rigidity, Aggression, and Moral Values). The present study developed and revised the Chinese version of STIPO (STIPO-CH) and evaluated its psychometrics. Methods STIPO-CH was administered to 49 participants from a community sample. They also completed the Chinese version of the Inventory of Personality Organization and The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory to evaluate criterion-related reliability. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out to explore the structure of STIPO-CH and its internal consistency. Interrater reliability was assessed with intraclass correlations. Results Interrater reliability (intraclass correlations) ranged from 0.98 to 0.99. After deleting 22 items, results suggested acceptable to good internal consistency for Identity, Object Relations, and Moral Values. Correlations between STIPO-CH domains and self-report questionnaires indicated acceptable to good construct validity and criterion-related validity. Conclusions Overall, STIPO-CH demonstrates promising psychometrics to be applied in research and clinical settings. Future research is recommended since this research may be limited by the size and variability of the sample.
Introduction The shape of the face is one of the most distinctive features among humans, and differences in facial morphology have substantial implications in areas such as social interaction, psychology, forensics, and clinical genetics. Craniofacial shape is highly heritable, including the normal spectrum of morphological variation as well as susceptibility to major craniofacial birth defects. In this study, we explored the role of transcriptional enhancers in the development of the craniofacial complex. Our study is based on the rationale that such enhancers, which can be hundreds of kilobases away from their target genes, regulate the spatial patterns, levels, and timing of gene expression in normal development. Methods To identify distant-acting enhancers active during craniofacial development, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation on embryonic mouse face tissue followed by sequencing to identify noncoding genome regions bound by the enhancer-associated p300 protein. We used LacZ reporter assays in transgenic mice and optical projection tomography (OPT) to determine three-dimensional expression patterns of a subset of these candidate enhancers. Last, we deleted three of the craniofacial enhancers from the mouse genome to assess their effect on gene expression and craniofacial morphology during development. Results We identified more than 4000 candidate enhancer sequences predicted to be active in the developing craniofacial complex. The majority of these sequences are at least partially conserved between humans and mice, and many are located in chromosomal regions associated with normal facial morphology or craniofacial birth defects. Characterization of more than 200 candidate enhancer sequences in transgenic mice revealed a remarkable spatial complexity of in vivo expression patterns. Targeted deletions of three craniofacial enhancers near genes with known roles in craniofacial development resulted in changes of expression of those genes as well as quantitatively subtle but definable alterations of craniofacial shape. Discussion Our analysis identifies enhancers that fine tune expression of genes during craniofacial development in mice. These results support that variation in the sequence or copy number of craniofacial enhancers may contribute to the spectrum of facial variation we find in human populations. Because many craniofacial enhancers are located in genome regions associated with craniofacial birth defects, such as clefts of the lip and palate, our results also offer a starting point for exploring the contribution of noncoding sequences to these disorders.
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