ABSTRACT Prior work with competitive rational expectations equilibrium models indicates that there should be a positive relation between trading volume and differences in beliefs or information among traders. We show that this result is sensitive to whether and how transaction costs are modeled. In a specialist market with endogenous transaction costs we show that trading volume can be negatively related to the degree of informational asymmetry in the market. Our analysis highlights the dependence of volume on market structure, and our results suggest that the “volume effects” of corporate or macroeconomic events reflect a decrease, rather than an increase, in heterogeneity of beliefs or asymmetry of information.
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Pharmacological, animal toxicity, pharmacokinetic, formulation and stability studies carried out and reported from this Institute in recent years indicated that vasicine, the alkaloid of Adhotoda vasica holds promise for its use as an oxytocic/abortifacient in therapeutics. This report covers the investigations on its clinical pharmacology carried out on 24 human volunteers with 0.5-16 mg dose of vasicine injected iv. in 500 ml saline in 3 hours with the objective of determining any acute human toxicity, tolerance, pharmacological action, any untoward effect and safe dosage range. Vasicine tried upto 16 mg dose on the hospital in-patients on 2nd to 8th day of normal puerperium was well tolerated and showed no undesirable effect in clinical observations, haematological and biochemical investigations and kidney and liver function tests carried out before, during and after vasicine treatment. However, uterus became firm and contracted after vasicine treatment which indicated its effectiveness as an oxytocic.
Spermatogonial stem cells transplantation provides a unique approach for studying spermatogenesis. Initially developed in mice, this technique has now been extended in farm animals and provides an alternative means to preserve valuable male germ line and to produce transgenic animals. The aim of this study was to enrich type A spermatogonial cells amongst the isolated cells from goat testis, to cryopreserve these enriched populations of cells and their subsequent transplantation in unrelated recipient goats under ultrasound guidance. The cells were isolated enzymatically and enriched by differential plating and separation on discontinuous percoll gradient. Ultrasound guided injection of trypan blue dye into rete testis resulted in 20-30% filling of the seminiferous tubules. Prior to transplantation, the cells were labelled with a fluorescent dye to trace donor cells in recipient seminiferous tubules after transplantation. The fluorescent-labelled cells were observed up to 12 weeks after transplantation.
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