As a convenient and effective surface modification approach, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP)can be used to improve dentin bonding, and has recently become a research focus. Studies have shown that NTAPP can alter dentin surface properties, improve the penetration and polymerization of adhesives, stimulate the cross-linking of collagen, and change the micro-morphology and element content of dentin surface, thus improve the dentin bonding quality. This article introduces the current research progress in the application of NTAPP in the field of dentin bonding, in order to provide innovative information for future research in optimization of the quality of dentin bonding.低温常压等离子体（non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma，NTAPP）是一种简便、有效的表面改性技术，近年成为提高牙本质粘接质量的研究热点。NTAPP能通过改变牙本质表面性质促进粘接剂渗透及聚合、促进胶原交联以及改变牙本质表面微观形貌和元素含量，改善牙本质粘接质量。本文就NTAPP于牙本质粘接领域的应用进展作一综述，以期为牙本质粘接的优化研究提供参考。.
Abstract Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a condition that causes kidney damage in patients receiving angiography with iodine‐based contrast agents. This study investigated the potential protective effects of berberine (BBR) against CIN and its underlying mechanisms. The researchers conducted both in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore BBR's renal protective effects. In the in vivo experiments, SD rats were used to create a CIN model, and different groups were established. The results showed that CIN model group exhibited impaired renal function, severe damage to renal tubular cells and increased apoptosis and ferroptosis. However, BBR treatment group demonstrated improved renal function, decreased apoptosis and ferroptosis. Similar results were observed in the in vitro experiments using HK‐2 cells. BBR reduced ioversol‐induced apoptosis and ferroptosis, and exerted its protective effects through Akt/Foxo3a/Nrf2 signalling pathway. BBR administration increased the expression of Foxo3a and Nrf2 while decreasing the levels of p‐Akt and p‐Foxo3a. In conclusion, this study revealed that BBR effectively inhibited ioversol‐induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. The protective effects of BBR were mediated through the modulation of Akt/Foxo3a/Nrf2 signalling pathway, leading to the alleviation of CIN. These findings suggest that BBR may have therapeutic potential for protecting against CIN in patients undergoing angiography with iodine‐based contrast agents.
Abstract In hospitals, contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is a major cause of renal failure. This study evaluates berberine's (BBR) renal protection and its potential HDAC4 mechanism. CI‐AKI in rats was induced with 10 mL kg −1 ioversol. Rats were divided into five groups: Ctrl, BBR, CI‐AKI, CI‐AKI + BBR, and CI‐AKI + Tasq. The renal function of CI‐AKI rats was determined by measuring serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Histopathological changes and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells were observed by HE and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdTase)‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagic structures. In vitro, a CI‐AKI cell model was created with ioversol‐treated HK‐2 cells. Treatments included BBR, Rapa, HCQ, and Tasq. Analyses focused on proteins and genes associated with kidney injury, apoptosis, autophagy, and the HDAC4‐FoxO3a axis. BBR showed significant protective effects against CI‐AKI both in vivo and in vitro. It inhibited apoptosis by increasing Bcl‐2 protein levels and decreasing Bax levels. BBR also activated autophagy, as indicated by changes in autophagy‐related proteins and autophagic flux. The study further revealed that the contrast agent ioversol increased the expression of HDAC4, which led to elevated levels of phosphorylated FoxO3a (p‐FoxO3a) and acetylated FoxO3a (Ac‐FoxO3a). However, BBR inhibited HDAC4 expression, resulting in decreased levels of p‐FoxO3a and Ac‐FoxO3a. This activation of autophagy‐related genes, regulated by the transcription factor FoxO3a, played a role in BBR's protective effects. BBR, a traditional Chinese medicine, shows promise against CI‐AKI. It may counteract CI‐AKI by modulating HDAC4 and FoxO3a, enhancing autophagy, and limiting apoptosis.
Community Question Answering (CQA) provides a platform to share knowledge for users. With the increasing number of users and questions, askers have to wait a long time for an answer with high quality while responders may not be interested in assigned questions. Current methods usually try to address this issue based on text or link analysis. However, most of them suffer from delayed answers or low coverage of best answer. In this paper, we design a novel expert recommendation mechanism by incorporating the deep structured semantic model (DSSM) [20] with our proposed graph-based algorithm, a topic sensitive answerer rank algorithm (TSAR). In the process of constructing transition probability matrix, we not only take into account both the number of questions answered by the user and question difficulty, but also consider the user's average response time for providing the answer. The experiments carried out on Yahoo! Answers and Stack Overflow datasets demonstrate that the proposed mechanism outperforms the current typical algorithms [9] on multiple metrics and achieves the best answer coverages, which are 61.5% and 53.8%, respectively.
Mast cells (MCs) are potent tissue-resident immune cells that are distributed the intraepithelial space of the intestine and have been implicated in regulating immune homeostasis and coordinating epithelial responses in inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL-33 functions as an endogenous danger signal or alarmin in inflamed intestine segments. MCs highly express the IL-33 receptor ST2. However, the mechanisms underlying the immune regulation of MC-dependent IL-33/ST2 signaling at the barrier surface of the intestine remain largely unknown. We confirmed that MCs are required for the effective resolution of tissue damage using an experimental colitis model that allows for conditional ablation of MCs. After elucidating the IL-33 signaling involved in MC activity in the context of intestinal inflammation, we found that the function of restricted IL-33/ST2 signaling by MCs was consistent with an MC deficiency in response to the breakdown of the epithelial barrier. We observed that a tissue environment with a spectrum of protective cytokines was orchestrated by MC-dependent IL-33/ST2 signaling. Given the significant downregulation of IL-22 and IL-13 due to the loss of MC-dependent IL-33/ST2 signaling and their protective functions in inflammation settings, induction of IL-22 and IL-13 may be responsible for an immune network favorable to mucosal repair. Collectively, our data showed an important feedback loop in which cytokine cues from damaged epithelia activate MCs to regulate tissue environments essential for MC-dependent restoration of epithelial barrier function and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
At present, deep learning technologies have been widely used in the field of natural language process, such as text summarization. In CQA, the answer summary could help users get a complete answer quickly. There are still some problems with the current answer summary scheme, such as semantic inconsistency, repetition of words, etc. In order to solve this, we propose a novel scheme Answer Summarization based on Multi-layer Attention Scheme (ASMAM). Based on the traditional Seq2Seq, we introduce self-attention and multi-head attention scheme respectively during sentence and text encoding, which could improve text representation ability of the model. In order to solve "long distance dependence" of RNN and too many parameters of LSTM, we all use GRU as the neuron at the encoder and decoder sides. Experiments over the Yahoo! Answers dataset demonstrate that the coherence and fluency of the generated summary are all superior to the benchmark model in ROUGE evaluation system.
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