The results of selection work for restoring the varietal qualities of Strigunovsky local varieties of bulb onion. 7 promising lines of onions with stable varietal qualities, such as the shape and color of the bulbs, the yield of bulbs and seed productivity were obtained.
The use of intra-varietal crossing is an important element to increase seed yield and improve a variety. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of different options of intra-varietal pollination of sweet pepper on seed productivity and other quantitative traits.
It has been established, that re-pollination of sweet pepper within the variety in relation to self-pollination causes a reduction in the offspring of the period before fruit ripening by 3–7 days. For all options of pollination, there was also a significant increase in plant height by 7–8 cm, fruit weight by 7–16 g, the number of fruits on a plant by 2–6 units.
Different methods of re-pollination of plants significantly affected fruit productivity, increasing it by 62–106 %, increased seed yield from one fruit by 28 %. Seed productivity of sweet pepper plants increased by 78–163 % when re-pollination was used.
Options of using the pollen of different flowers (from 2–5 other plants) showed the greatest effect. This technique is one way to increase the yield of sweet pepper seeds
The features of cultivation and storage of seed collections of the gene pool of vegetable crops have been studied. Elements to improve growing techniques of seeds for dispatch for long term storage are offered. The optimal conditions for storage of vegetable seeds of the gene bank are found. The features of conservation of the collection of vegetative propagated vegetable crops have been analyzed.
12 samples of carrot were analyzed for biochemical components in roots. 5 genotypes with high content of vitamin C, β-carotene, and total sugar were selected as genetic sources of high biochemical components.
Aim: The results of the evaluation of the solanaceous crops source material for resistance to abiotic factors are presented. A number of studies are conducted on the development and improvement of rapid methods for assessing the source material: laboratory-based method for evaluation of solanaceous crops’ cold resistance and salinity tolerance due to changes of the intensity of seeds germination under the effect of unfavorable factors (reduced positive temperatures and salinization) and for evaluation of drought resistance due to water-retaining capacity and water restoring ability of tomato leaves. Materials and Methods: The basis of the method for establishing salt tolerance is standard method for determining the germination, where along with the germination of seeds in the water, the option of cultivation of samples on selective backgrounds (with high levels of salinity) their parallel germination in saline solutions is introduced. To determine cold resistance was used high-quality collection of seeds of sweet pepper, bitter pepper, and eggplant with a high germination, same year, and place of reproduction. Results and Discussion: The results of determination of cold resistance of collection samples in the laboratory confirmed the existence of correlation dependence of “cold resistance” and “earliness” signs for sweet pepper and eggplant (r = −0.58 ± 0.15 and r = −0.62 ± 0.14, respectively) as well as signs of “cold resistance” and “the presence of anthocyanin coloration” for eggplant (r = −0.65 ± 0.15). While creating a valuable breeding material of tomato to a certain extent, the research on water holding and water recovery capacity of leaves during their most sensitivity to lack of water in the flowering stage can be used. It is found that the majority of varieties have quite high (80.1-85.0%) level of water content in the leaves. The tendency of the maximum water content in the leaves of the well-leafy varieties, which were withdrawn in the Southern Regions, is noted. A significant difference in the parameters of drought resistance of tomato plants, the maximum expression of the indicator - 83.9 ± 1.7, the minimum - 56.1 ± 1.3 is found. Indicators of high drought tolerance were detected in breeding varieties of Moldova, Southern Russia, and Southern Ukraine.
The paper presents the results of studying the effect of the probiotics biological product (Plex-Em LLC) on green crops (lettuce, parsley, dill, coriander, celery, green onion), strawberries, the development of sweet pepper seedlings and eggplant, when grown in hydroponic greenhouse of Belgorod State Agrarian University; a tendency to increase the linear parameters of cotyledons and true leaves in the treated seedlings of sweet pepper and eggplant plants was noted. With the use of the drug "Probiotics" an increase was observed in the height of plants in green crops by 13-29 % and in the mass of one plant by 19-38 %. The yield of green products per unit area increased from 8 % for parsley to 51 % for coriander. The drug "Probiotics" contributed to the improvement of economically valuable plants of strawberry: the number of fl owering plants increased by 35 %, the berry weight by 38%. The content of vitamin A, C and E in berries increased, but the amount of vitamin B2 decreased.
The purpose was to study the variability of the dry matter and vitamin C contents in eggplants, depending on the subspecies and varieties; to determine the dry matter, vitamin C and total sugar contents in sweet peppers, depending on the color of industrially or biologically mature fruits; to establish the dynamics of these indicators during sweet pepper ripening.Materials and methods. The eggplants belonging to the West Asian and East Asian subspecies were chemically analyzed. Accessions with industrially mature dark-violet, violet, light-lilac and white fruits were studied. Sweet pepper accessions with differently pigmented fruits in the industrial maturity phase were chemically analyzed. There were sweet pepper accessions with industrially mature violet, dark-green, light-green, white-cream and light-yellow fruits. The stability of the chemical contents was assessed using the Lewis stability coefficient.Results and discussion. Eggplant. An increase in the dry matter content was noted in fruits that contained more anthocyanins (darker fruits). Visual examination showed that the varieties with high dry matter content have a glossy surface, tough peel, firm flesh and are more suitable for transportation and storage. At the same time, elevated temperatures and drought during the growing period were found to contribute to high concentrations of dry matter. The vitamin C accumulation depended on the subspecies, but not on the fruit color.In general, the "dry matter content" trait is characterized by low variability. The stability of this parameter in the West Asian subspecies accesssions was slightly higher (Lewis coefficient 1.03).The stability of the vitamin C content in eggplants was above average, regardless of the subspecies. This indicator was more stable in the East Asian subspecies accessions with light-lilac fruits.Sweet pepper. There was an upward trend in the dry matter content in the accessions with industrially mature dark fruits. The highest dry matter content was recorded for the accessions with industrially mature dark-green fruits. This accession accumulates dry matter during ripening, has a thin pericarp and can be used for processing into paprika. The accessions with light fruits and a thick pericarp have a lower dry matter content, which slightly increases during ripening.There was a trend in the vitamin C accumulation in all the accessions during ripening. The vitamin C amount depended on the genotype; no association with color was seen; visual examination showed that the accessions with a thick pericarp contained more vitamin C. As they ripen, the total sugar content in sweet peppers increases, depending on the genotype. There was a trend in the total sugar accumulation in the accessions with industrially mature cream and yellow fruits.The stability of the chemical parameters of sweet pepper was calculated using the Lewis coefficient. The "total sugar content" trait is quite stable within the genotype. The "vitamin C content" trait is highly variable, both within the genotype and from accession to accession under the same growing conditions.Conclusions. 1. Eggplant. The dry matter content in eggplants depended not only on the subspecies, but also on the fruit color. In the East Asian subspecies accessions, the dry matter content is slightly higher (by 0.3–0.5%) than that in the West Asian subspecies ones. There was also an increase (by 0.1–0.2%) in the dry matter content in fruits containing more anthocyanins (darker fruits). In general, the "dry matter content" trait is characterized by low variability. The stability of the "dry matter content" trait in the West Asian subspecies accessions was slightly higher (Lewis coefficient 1.03). The effect of subspecies and varietal characteristics on the dry matter content in eggplants ranged 61 to 65%. The effect of the "weather during cultivation" factor was about 20%, and the factor interaction effect – 15–18%. The stability of vitamin C content in eggplants was above average, regardless of the subspecies.2. Sweet pepper. There was an upward trend in the dry matter content in the accessions with industrially ripened dark fruits (by 0.5–2.2%). The accessions with light fruits and a thick pericarp accumulated slightly less dry matter (6.1–6.8%), and the dry matter content slightly increased during ripening. The "dry matter content" trait in sweet peppers was quite stable within the accession, but variable from accession to accession the same growing conditions. The vitamin C content depended on the degree of fruit maturity. There was a trend in the vitamin C accumulation in all the accessions during ripening. The vitamin C amount depended on the genotype, and visual examination showed that the accessions with a thick pericarp contained more vitamin C. There is a trend in the total sugar accumulation in the accessions with industrially mature cream and yellow fruits. The "total sugar content" trait was quite stable within the genotype. The "vitamin C content" trait in sweet peppers was more stable in the accessions with light-yellow fruits (Lewis coefficient 1.03%). The vitamin C content was highly variable (114–200.6%) and depended primarily on the genotype. It was found that the genotype effect on the vitamin C content in sweet peppers ranged 72 to 75%. The effect of the "weather during cultivation" factor was about 26%, and the factor interaction effect – 20–22%
The results of research on the influence of growth regulators: gibberellic acid, succinic acid, and D-2Sl on increasing the seed productivity of sweet pepper F1 hybrids are highlighted. The research was conducted during 2018-2020 at the Institute of Vegetable and Melon NAAS, which is located in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research material was the mother form of the sweet pepper hybrid Zlagoda F1 – L. 184/332 in the hybridization nursery. There were used drugs in plants (each in two versions of the rate of consumption): Gibberellic acid (1 mg/l; 5 mg/l), succinic acid (1 mg/l; 5 mg/l), the drug D-2Sl and 2.5 ml/l) - biologically active drug (growth regulator), a derivative of aspartic acid salt and 2-methylpyridine N-oxide, synthesized by the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Treatment with drugs was performed by double spraying in the phase of the beginning of laying the reproductive organs and in the phase of bud formation with a size of 5mm.Control – treatment of plants with distilled water. It is established that drugs increase seed productivity by 30-50%, depending on the concentration. The highest result was found with the D-2Sl with a rate of 0.5 ml/L and gibberellic acid with a 1 mg/l compared to the control. The use of growth regulators on mother plants during hybridization has a positive effect on the formation of biometric parameters and productivity of the hybrid Zlagoda F1, which can be used as a reserve to increase seed yield and to increase seed yield improve its quality characteristics. Increasing the rate of use of growth regulators leads to a tendency to reduce the seed productivity of plants.
