In order to evaluate the effect of the supplementation with monkey-pod fruits (Pithecellobium saman (Jacq.) Benth) meal on production and quality of milk from Criollo Limonero cows, an experiment was carried out at the Carrasquero station, of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas (INIA), Zulia State, Venezuela. Twenty lactating cows grouped in two homogeneous groups were used. A simple balanced crossover design with two treatments was used; two sampling periods of 21 and 7 adaptation days to supplements. Treatments consisted on supplementing the cows at milking time with: a) a concentrate (CO) or b) a supplement made of 90% monkey-pod fruits meal and 10% of sugarcane molasses (MFS). The variables milk production, feed intake, rejection and index relative economic were measured daily. Chemical composition of milk was also measured. Variables analyzed were: total solids, non-fat solids, titrable acidity, crude protein, serum protein, lactose, fat, casein, ash, cryoscopy point and relative density. Cows feeding CO showed significantly higher (P<0.01) milk production (6.02 vs. 5.31 kg.d-1), feed intake (1.97 vs. 1.55 kg.d-1) and lower rejection of the supplement (0.03 vs. 0.45 kg.d-1), while supplementing with MFS showed a greater index relative economic (P<0.05) than CO (8.73 vs. 8.07). There were not effects of diets on the chemical composition of milk. Results suggest that under these agroecological conditions, the use of monkey-pod fruits meal proved to be economically viable for farmers.
Resumen es: Se estudiaron efectos de dos tipos de suplementacion a pastoreo sobre caracteristicas al sacrificio, rasgos en canal y rendimiento carnicero de 23 novill...
A objeto de estudiar el efecto de la fertilizacion nitrogenada sobre la estratificacion del nitrogeno y el rendimiento de materia seca del pasto guinea, Panicum maximum Jacq. Se condujo un experimento de campo en la zona de El Laberinto, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, area con una vegetacion perteneciente a un Bosque Seco Tropical, con una precipitacion promedio anual de 1200 mm, presentando un regimen bimodal con dos periodos lluviosos y dos periodos de sequia. Se utilizo un diseno experimental en bloques al azar con cinco repeticiones y tres niveles de nitrogeno (0,100 y 200 kg N/ha). Se evaluo la concentracion de nitrogeno (N-total), el porcentaje de proteina cruda (PC) y rendimiento de materia seca (RMS) en tres secciones de la planta (biomasa removida, residual y radicular). Los resultados obtenidos muestran un incremento en la concentracion de N-total de la biomasa removida con el aumento de los niveles de nitrogeno aplicados, observandose una disminucion de la misma durante los periodos de lluvia. Se evidencian diferencias significativas (P ˂.05) entre los tratamientos para el RMS para las secciones de la planta evaluadas. El porcentaje de PC fue afectado por los tratamientos significativamente (P ˂ .05) con valores de 8.6% 5.5%y 6.4% para la biomasa removida, residual y radicular respectivamente. El RMS y el porcentaje de PC en la biomasa removida fueron afectados significativamente (P ˂ .01) por la interaccion niveles de N x corte presentando valores maximos de 3185.08 kg MS/ha y 14.87% PC, respectivamente. El RMS en la biomasa residual y radicular fueron afectados significativamente (P ˂ .01) por la interaccion niveles N x corte, con valores maximos de 3856.2 y 1416.5 kg MS/ha respectivamente. El efecto de la interaccion N x corte produjo una variacion altamente significativa (P ˂ .01) en el porcentaje de PC en la biomasa residual (5.9%) y radicular (6.6%).
Records from ½ Criollo Limonero + ½ Holstein (F1) and backcrosses, ¾ Criollo Limonero + ¼ Holstein (R) handled in a Venezuelan humid tropical forest zone wer...
A total of 106 lactation records of crossbred cows (G1 :½ Holstein x ½ Criollo Limonero and G2: ¾ Criollo Limonero x ¼ Holstein) was analyzed to study the effect of genetic and environmental factors on milk production. Animals were born and raised at El Chama Station of the Agricultural Research National Institute (INIA), located South of the Maracaibo lake, characterized as a tropical humid forest, a 28.4°C temperature, 1100-1800 mm, rainfall 82% relative humidity and 1589 mm evaporation rate. The LSM procedure was used for statistical analysis. Genotype, calving year, season and lactation number were considered as fixed effects. Means comparison was conducted by Duncan’s test. The adjusted values for total milk production (TMP) and 305 days lactation (P305) for genotype were G1: 2754 and 2473 kg ; G2: 2663 and 2560 kg respectively (P>0.05). Calving year affected (P<0.05) TMP and P305. Milk production of Criollo Limonero x Holstein cons was considered satisfactory for humid tropic areas and grazing condition.
Resumen es: Para evaluar el efecto de la suplementacion alimenticia durante la epoca seca sobre la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) y la ganancia total de peso (GTP) en...