The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached 30 %, with an annual increase. The incidence of NAFLD-induced cirrhosis is rapidly rising and has become the leading indicator for liver transplantation in the US. However, there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for NAFLD. Increasing evidence underscores the close association between NAFLD and bile acid metabolism disorder, highlighting the feasibility of targeting the bile acid signaling pathway for NAFLD treatment. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an endogenous receptor for bile acids that exhibits favorable effects in ameliorating the metabolic imbalance of bile acids, lipid disorders, and disruption of intestinal homeostasis, all of which are key characteristics of NAFLD, making FXR a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms through which FXR improves NAFLD, with particular emphasis on its involvement in regulating bile acid homeostasis and the recent advancements in drug development targeting FXR for NAFLD treatment.
This article probes into the secret in art and understand the reason why art has perment charm from the original nature, plasticity and limitless of the art .In the course of probing into the original nature, this text observe through combining the emergence of art with the emergence and perfection emphatically. This text explains the essential rheology by means of the changing between the accepting subject and art subject while seeking the plasticity of art .In analysing the art's limitless, this text makes every effort to pursue the essences of art from the limitless of time and thinking space.
Neogambogic acid (NGA), an active ingredient in garcinia, can inhibit the growth of some solid tumors and result in an anticancer effect. We hypothesize that NGA may be responsible for the inhibition of proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells. To investigate its anticancer mechanism in vitro, MCF-7 cells were treated with various concentrations of NGA. Results of MTT (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolum) assay showed that treatment with NGA significantly reduced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. NGA could increase the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins FasL, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bax and decrease the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 accompanied by the mitochondrial transmembrane damage. The antiproliferative effect of NGA on MCF-7 cells is due to the G(0)/G(1) arrest, increased apoptosis and activation of Fas/FasL and cytochrome C pathway. These results provide an important insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which NGA impairs the proliferation of breast cancer cells.
Background and purpose:Traditional Chinese medicine is known for its effectiveness and few adverse reactions.It has been receiving increasing attention from the medical profession due to its potential and advantages in treating pancreatic carcinoma.This experiment studied the antiproliferation effects of oridonin on human pancreatic carcinoma SW1990 cells and its mechanisms.Methods:SW1990 cells in a culture medium were treated with different concentrations of oridonin.The inhibitory rate of the cells was measured by MTT assay.The morphological changes were observed using a light microscope.The morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by DAPI stain and cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect hTERT mRNA expression both before and after apoptosis.Results:The growth of human pancreatic carcinoma SW1990 cells was significantly inhibited by oridonin.Apoptosis morphological changes including the condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were clearly observed using a DAPI stain.The early apoptotic rate of SW1990 cells treated with 12.5,25,50 μmol/L oridonin were significantly higher than that of the control group’s [(2.17±0.57)%,(5.83±0.57)%,(4.43±0.78)% vs(0.30±0.17)%,P0.05].The late apoptotic and cell necrosis rate was also significantly higher than that of the control group’s [(5.10±0.98)%,(7.03±1.52)%,(10.13±0.70)% vs(2.63±0.06)%,P0.05].△Ct of hTERT mRNA expression was obviously higher than the control group’s(7.72±0.33,8.17±0.67,10.36±1.65 vs 5.94±0.17,P0.05).Conclusion:Oridonin can noticeably inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of SW1990 cells.The mechanisms may be the down regulation of the hTERT mRNA expression after treatment with oridonin.
Objective To observe the changes in the serum level of thyroid hormone in patients with trichloroethylene (TCE)-induced medicamentosa-like dermatitis.Methods Sixty five patients diagnosed with TCE-induced medicamentosa-like dermatitis were enrolled in this study between January 2009 and Decem-ber 201 3.Sixty five healthy subjects were used as normal controls.Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),free triiodothyronine (FT3 )and free thyroxine (FT4 )were measured using chemiluminescence meth-od.Total dose of steroid hormones administered for all patients with TCE-induced medicamentosa-like dermati-tis was statistically calculated.Results The serum levels of thyroid hormones in TCE-induced medicamentosa-like dermatitis patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls:FT3 (2.86 ±1 .56 vs.4.70 ± 0.92 pmol/L),FT4 (8.86 ±5.1 5 vs.1 6.07 ±3.02 pmol/L)and TSH (1 .23 ±1 .28 vs.2.71 ±1 .35 mIu/L)(all P <0.01 ).The serum levels of thyroid hormones in the high-dose group were significantly lower com-pared with those in the low-dose group:FT3 (1 .39 ±0.81 vs.1 .39 ±0.81 pmol/L),FT4 (4.1 2 ±2.83 vs.1 1 .81 ±3.92 pmol/L)and TSH (0.41 ±0.1 5 vs.1 .75 ±1 .40 mIu/l)(all P <0.01 ).Conclusions The serum levels of thyroid hormones in TCE-induced medicamentosa-like dermatitis patients are significantly lower than those in healthy counterparts.Detection of thyroid hormone levels is beneficial to the evaluation of the se-verity and prognosis for this disease.
In pending the cases of rental disputes,almost all of the termination will involve in the issue of decorating dispute.Over the years,theorists have been the most controversial focusing on the nature of decorations,the nature of the claims of the lessee,the principle of decoration disputes and so on,and the practice field has not formed a unified community awareness and practices.Analyzing the cause of Rental housing decoration disputes can help to properly resolve this issue.
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