This study applied qNMR spectroscopy and chemometrics to metabolically profile polyfloral honey samples collected in southeastern (São Paulo - SP) and southern (Santa Catarina - SC) Brazil, over the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 harvest seasons. Both 1D and 2D NMR experiments were carried out to identify and quantify metabolites, followed by descriptive statistical analysis, heatmap, and principal component analysis (PCA), considering geographic and botanical origins. Twenty-one metabolites were detected, encompassing carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, ketones, alcohols, esters, and alkaloids. The heatmap and the PCA allowed for distinguishing the geographical and botanical origin. Regarding the botanical origin, three clusters were detected, i.e., Hovenia dulcis (SC), Citrus spp. (SP), and Eucalyptus spp. (SC and SP). The analytical approach proved to be effective for determining the geographic and botanical origins of Brazilian polyfloral honey, even though the country has a huge floral diversity and, accordingly, different types of honey.
Abstract It has been estimated that more than 70% of all drugs approved worldwide between 1981 and 2006 for human health are derived from or structurally similar to natural compounds. The identification of biological matrices containing bioactive compounds with therapeutic and nutraceutical potential is necessary to supply the global market demands. Researches have indicated that the consumption of dry and aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.‐Hil. is safe, providing that plant biomass does not be exposed to smoke over the drying process, avoiding contamination (e.g., ) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and can might help avoiding many diseases, with important potential applications in the pharma and nutraceutical industries. A survey was carried out covering the main therapeutic and nutraceutical studies performed on I. paraguariensis extracts and their relationship with the global patents granted in the last 20 years for the products using this specie in their composition. In the PubMed database, by searching for the term “ Ilex paraguariensis ,” an output with 497 scientific publications was found. Each paper was analyzed individually and 26 publications encompassing exclusively therapeutical and nutraceutical approaches of that plant species were selected. For the patent screening regarding Ilex ‐derived products, the survey considered three patent databases: European Patent Office (EPO) (Espacenet), World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO), and National Institute of Industrial Property (NIIP—Brazil). The criterion chosen to select the patents in the databases was the inclusion of the terms “ Ilex paraguariensis ” and “yerba mate” in the title and/or in the abstract, considering the patents issued from 2000 to 2020. Additionally, only patents with therapeutic and nutraceutical potential were considered on the survey. The screening and selection of the documents were performed independently by two researchers and the information cross‐checked at the end. This review contributes to show the state of the art over the last 20 years on the knowledge about the therapeutical and nutraceutical usages of the yerba mate, associated to a certain number of issued patents. The patent survey afforded 62 relevant documents covering products based on Ilex paraguariensis biomass. Considering the number of patents issued, most of them are related to the pharmaceutical area (30), followed by food supplements and beverages (17), cosmetics (10) and, finally, nutraceuticals (5). A detailed analysis of the patents issued showed that most are related to pharmaceutical grade products, generally, marketed as oral and injectable compositions for treatments of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, neurological diseases, and SARS‐Cov‐2, for example. In this work, a curious fact is that there are few patents for food, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals products containing yerba mate. Therefore, it seems to be relevant to take into account the potential of that species as source of bioactive compounds for the development of new products not only intended to the pharma sector. In this sense, 26 reports were identified showing possibilities and trendiness in developing new yerba mate based products, such as packaging, biopesticides, antiseptics, and food supply, expanding the possibilities of technological applications of this plant species.
The lack of information on food production using pesticides is reflected in the purchase of products that may have deleterious effects due to long-term consumption. Many people do not know how to differentiate organic products from conventional ones. The present study aimed to quantify the number of people who are unaware of the difference between organic and non-organic products. The research was developed through semi-structured interviews with 100 participants from nineteen municipalities in the Serra Catarinense. It is noticed that the evaluated population has little information about organic food and its way of production. From the demographic data, it is learned that the understanding of the difference between organic and conventional products is related to family income and education level, leading to a lack of information. Thus, it is necessary to expand the disclosure with society about the benefits of organic food to health and the environment.
O presente estudo investiga o impacto da rotatividade de pessoal no agronegócio da região do Alto Paranaíba, com um enfoque específico nas percepções das lideranças de cooperativas. A rotatividade de pessoal é um fenômeno que afeta diretamente a estabilidade e o desenvolvimento das cooperativas, especialmente em um setor tão competitivo e dinâmico como o agronegócio, onde a retenção de talentos é crucial para a continuidade e qualidade das operações. A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os principais desafios enfrentados pelas cooperativas para reter seus colaboradores, analisando os fatores que influenciam a decisão dos funcionários de permanecerem ou deixarem o trabalho. A metodologia do estudo consistiu em uma abordagem qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo, utilizando um questionário aberto e estruturado aplicado a lideranças de cooperativas da região. As respostas obtidas foram analisadas para identificar padrões e categorias temáticas relacionadas aos desafios da retenção de pessoal e à percepção das lideranças sobre a competitividade dos benefícios e condições oferecidas pelas cooperativas. Os resultados apontaram que os principais desafios para a retenção estão relacionados à falta de atratividade nos pacotes de benefícios, à competição com o mercado informal e às limitações decorrentes da localização geográfica, que muitas vezes impõe custos elevados aos trabalhadores. A escassez de mão de obra qualificada e a mudança nas expectativas dos colaboradores, especialmente das novas gerações, também foram destacados como obstáculos significativos. Na discussão, comparou-se esses achados com a literatura, que aponta a importância de uma gestão de pessoas adaptada ao contexto regional e que valorize a qualificação, o engajamento e a flexibilidade nas práticas de trabalho. A pesquisa conclui que, para reduzir a rotatividade e promover a retenção de talentos, as cooperativas devem buscar aprimorar suas políticas de benefícios, investir em qualificação e adaptar suas estratégias de retenção às expectativas dos colaboradores contemporâneos. A retenção sustentável de colaboradores passa, assim, por uma abordagem de gestão que considere tanto as necessidades regionais quanto os novos perfis profissionais.
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito das altas diluições dinamizadas na germinação de sementes de Brassica oleracea (couve); Lactuca sativa (alface) em três variedades e; Solanum lycopersicum (tomate). Foram realizados dois bioensaios, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. O primeiro foi conduzido no Laboratório de Sementes da Universidade do estado de Santa Catarina, Lages/SC, utilizando câmaras de germinação, com 50 sementes de cada espécie hortícola e 4 repetições. Os preparados homeopáticos foram Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica e Arsenicum album. O segundo foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Estação Experimental de Fruticultura de Clima Temperado, Vacaria/RS, com 20 sementes e 3 repetições das três variedades de alface, com o preparado Nux vomica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Em câmara de germinação, os preparados não apresentaram melhores índices de germinação. Em casa de vegetação as cultivares responderam de maneira diferente aos tratamentos. A variedade Manteiga apresentou melhores resultados com Nux vomica. O preparado Nux vomica apresenta capacidade de atuar como estimulante na germinação das sementes de alface da cultivar Manteiga, possibilitando a produção ecológica de mudas homogêneas.