1. The effect of reactive type antioxidant, G-1 in comparism to ordinary antioxidant, SP, which are used for NR and SBR has teen studied, and its recipes are equal. The effects against ozone aye been shown that ill ordinary antioxidant, SBR, no an particular effect both for NR and SBR was found, where as in reactive type, considerable influence was recogniged particulary in dynamic ozone test. 2. The influence of reactive antioxidants on velcanization has been studied by means of Mooney viscometer and Rheometer. 3. The ageing properties of vulcanizates containing reactive antioxidant have been studied in terms of tensile strength.
The structure of the ovary, ultrastructure of oocytes and morphological characteristics of vitellogenesis during oogenesis in female Gomphina veneriformis were investigated in clams collected from coastal waters of Samchok, Gangwon-do, Kore. In the previtellogenic oocytes, the Golgi complex was involved in the formation of a number of vacuoles. In the early vitellogenic oocytes, lipid droplets appeared among the Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the oocyte were involved in the formation of lipid droplets. Coated vesicles, resulting from endocytosis appeared at the basal region of the early vitellogenic oocyte. The uptake of nutritive materials in the coated vesicles formed by receptor-mediated endocytosis appeared through the formation of coated endocytotic pits on the oolemma. In the late vitellogenic oocytes, large yolk granules were formed by a combination of small yolk granules. In the mature oocyte, a mature yolk granule in composed of three components: crystaline core, electron lucent cortex, and a limiting membrane. According to cytological and histological observations, vitellogenesis occurred by way of endogenous autosynthesis and exogenous heterosynthesis. Autosynthesis involved the conbined activities of the Golgi complex, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas heterosynthesis involved endocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors at the basal region of the early vitellogenic oocyte. The follicle cells which was attached to oocytes, were involved in the development of the previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes as a kind of nutritive cells containing a number of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.
This is the research to prepare a purification program for relatively less polluted stream by using phytoremediation. We calculated a treatment amount of nutrients followed by growth of Helianthus annuus (a kind of sunflower), setting up the plant reactor in the hothouse. Moreover, to investigate a field applicability, we could find increased contents of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen in plants by setting up a H. annuus planted artificial floating island in an irrigation canal. When we changed the dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) concentration of the influent from 28.5 to 199.2 mg/l and the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) concentration of the influent from 13.3 to 25.4 mg/l, growth disorder has not appeared though it is much higher than the criterion of water for irrigation. In this case, the removal rate of DIN was , and that of DIP was in 3 days stay on average. It has appeared that the efficient hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 48 hours. The following contents of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen of H. annuus appeared in the artificial floating island: nitrogen was in the trunk and in the root. Carbon was in the trunk and in the root.
Abstract For the study of the reproductive mechanism associated with the process of vitellogenesis, oocyte development and vitellogenesis during oogenesis in female Boleophthalmus pectinirostris were investigated by electron microscopic observations. The ovary consists of a pair of saccular structures with many ovarian lobules. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex plays an important role leading to the formation of yolk vesicles containing carbohydrate yolks. At this time many pinocytotic vesicles containing yolk precursors are observed in the cytoplasm near the region of initial formation of the zona radiata. In the late vitellogenic oocytes, the multivesicular bodies, which are formed by modified mitochondria, are involved in the formation of the primary yolk granules. Precursors of yolk granules and multivesicular bodies develop to primary yolk globules with participation of pinocytotic vesicles. After primary yolk globules mix with each other, they develop into secondary and tertiary yolk globules. Based on these findings, vitellogenesis of B. pectinirostris occurs by way of the processes of endogenous autosynthesis and exogenous heterosynthesis. The process of autosynthesis involves the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria, and multivesicular bodies. However, the process of heterosynthesis involves pinocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors into the zona radiata of vitellogenic oocytes by way of the thecal cell layers and granulosa cells.
2002년 1월부터 12월까지 매월 전북 군산시 인근에 위치한 금강호를 대상으로 항생제 내성균의 월별분포변화와 조사기간 중 분리된 균주를 동정하였다. 종속영양세균의 연중 분포는 4.1±1.0 × 10²- 6.7±1.1×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/의 범주에서 변화하였다. 항생제 내성균의 년중 분포는 ampicillin 내성균의 경우, 1.5±0.7×10-4.3±0.3×10³ cfu mL/sup -l/, chloramphenicol 내성균의 경우, 0-6.4 ±0.4 ×10² cfu mL/sup -1/, gentamicin내성균의 경우, 0-2.8±0.3×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/, kanamycin내성균의 경우, 0-4.5±1.0×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/, 그리고 streptomycin 내성균은 1.0±0.4×10-2.3±0.5×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/의 범주에서 변화하였다. 조사된 항생제 내성균들 중 ampicllin 내성균이 모든 정점에서 가장 높은 균체수를 나타냈다 조사기간 중 60균주의 항생제 내성균이 분리되었으며, 그 중 그람양성 세균은 6균주, 그람음성세균은 54균주를 차지하였다. 항생제 내성균으로 분리된 균주는 Pseudomonas 속, Aeromonas 속, 그리고 Bacillus 속과 Stenotrophomonas 속 등이 우점으로 나타났으며, 이외에도 Enterobacter 속, Sphingobium 속, Variovorax 속, 그리고 Serratia 속, Acinetobacter 속, Mycoplana 속, Psychrobacter 속과 , Xanthomonas 속 등이 포함되었다. 동정된 균들은 ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin 순으로 높은 내성을 나타났다. This study was conducted to evaluate the annual population variation and identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the lower artificial Lake Geumgang from January to December, 2002. Samples were taken from the surface waters at 3 stations near the estuarine barrage. The results were as follows; the population densities of heterotrophic bacteria varied from 4.1±1.0×10² to 6.7±1.1×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ during the investigation periods. The population densities of antibiotic-resistant bacteria ranged from 1.5±0.7×10 to 4.3±0.3×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for ampicillin; from 0 to 6.4±0.4× 10² cfu ml/sup -1/ for chloramphenicol; from 0 to 2.8±0.3×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for gentamicin; from 0 to 4.5±1.0×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for kanamycin; and from 1.0±0.4 × 10 to 2.3±0.5×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for streptomycin, respectively. Of the sixty isolates, 90% were Gram negative. Dominant genera by 16S rDNA analysis were identified Aeromonas spp. (14 strains), Bacillus spp. (6 strains), Enterobacter spp. (4 strains), and Stenotrophomonas spp. (6 strains). These strains were clustered into 12 groups based on relatedness by average linkage method. Of the 60 isolates, 85% had the resistance to ampicilin and 32% were shown resistance to more than 2 kinds of antibiotics.
In bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), oocyte activation is an essential element for the successful development of cloned embryos. Chemical treatment with ionomycin induces transient levels of Ca2+, and this has been used in the activation of reconstructed embryos. In vitro-fertilized oocytes are naturally activated by sperm following several Ca2+ transients known collectively as Ca2+ oscillations. We aimed to improve the developmental efficiency of embryos produced by SCNT by mimicking this Ca2+ oscillation artificially. SCNT was performed as follows; bovine calf skin fibroblast cells were transferred into the perivitelline space of IVM oocytes, and then these NT couplets were treated with electrical fusion (2 pulses, 1.75 kV cm-1, 15 μs). Reconstructed embryos were subsequently cultured in SOF medium (5% CO2, 5% O2, and 38°C). To mimic Ca2+ oscillation, we carried out 3 different repetitive ionomycin (10 μM) treatments at 1-h intervals. There were 3 groups: group 1 (4 min, 1 time), group 2 (30 s, 4 times), and group 3 (1 min, 4 times). The difference in embryo development amongst these experimental groups was then analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test after arcsine transformation to maintain homogeneity of variance. All analyses were performed using SAS (version 8.1, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Significant differences among the treatments were determined when the P-value was <0.05. In experiment 1, to assess developmental efficiency, the cleavage rate was investigated on Day 2 and the formation rate of blastocysts (BL) was examined on Day 7. In group 3, a significant increase in BL formation was observed [47/263 (17.8%), 50/259 (19.3%), and 67/258 (26.0%), respectively]. In experiment 2, culturing each group of embryos with different ionomycin treatments caused no significant differences among the groups in terms of the total number of BL (164.3, 158.5, and 145.1, respectively). In experiment 3, expression of apoptosis-related genes in each group was evaluated by real-time PCR and the TUNEL assay. The 3 BL within each group were analyzed for the expression of apotosis-related genes. Expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene was increased in group 3, whereas the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax was decreased. A decrease in the number of apoptotic nuclei was also observed in group 3. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that repetitive ionomycin treatment is an improved activation method that can increase the developmental competence of SCNT embryos by decreasing the incidence of apoptosis.
The QUAL-II E Model was applied to predict the water quality of the Mankyong drainage System, and lead to following conclusion. 1. The difference between computed and measured BOD at the M-3 (Bakgugeong) station was within 10%, indicating that the application of the QUAL-IIE Model for the prediction of water quality was satisfactory thus far. 2. The application of the model states that the discharge of concentrated pollutants at the M-1 station on the Jeonju stream, located 41Km upstream from the estuary, causes the worst problems. The sluice which extends residence time and enlarges watery surface improves water quality by a Self-purification process at the M-3 station, 28km upstream from the estuary. 3. The accuracy of the model diminished when this model was applied on the estuary downstream of the sluice. Hence, the application of the model on the estuary needs to be used with caution. 4. Among the conputed water quality parameters, BOD is the worst problem. At the M-3 station, BOD is computed to be 26.6 mg/1 in 1996, 30.7 mg/1 in 2,001, 33.0 mg/l in 2006, and 37.5 mg/1 in 2011. When preventive measures against water pollution are not properly exercised, severe problems in irrigation and water resources are expected. This study will be of used in the selection of irrigation water intake points, the criteria of effluent treatment, the management of water resources, and the establishment of water quality managemont policy.
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