Background: Diabetes is emerging as a major health care problem especially in developing countries. Adhering to the WHO indicators and judicious use of anti-diabetic drugs will be a promising step in health care system.Objective: To analyse the prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital.Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was done for six months in the Medical Records Department, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. The data was analysed using WHO core indicators and expressed as descriptive statistics.Results: The total number of encounters surveyed was 600. Present study found that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 5.15. Percentages of drugs prescribed by generic name was found to be 25.37%, antibiotic drugs 22.66% and injections 20.5%. Drugs prescribed from an Essential Drug List (EDL) was 74.30%.
The treatment of cancer is mainly through chemotherapy, radiational therapy and surgery. However there are many limitations for the conventional use of cytotoxic drugs which may result in lack of selectivity in the body and the intrinsic or acquired multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Hence to end this nano dendritic polymer is used as drug carriers due to their diverse chemistry and safety characteristics in the body. Dendrimers are hyper branched distinctive class of macromolecules having highly branched; three-dimensional architectures with low polydispersity and high functionality .Compared to classical polymers, dendrimers have a sharp degree of molecular uniformity, narrow molecular weight distribution, unambiguous size and shape characteristics, and a high- functionalized terminal surface. Due to their high flexibility, nano-size, and well defined structure dendrimers are used as promising scaffolds and have diverse applications in the field of biomedicine. Different types of interactions like electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions take place during entrapment of drugs within the dendritic polymer and the covalent and electrostatic interaction between a drug and the surface of a polymer have been analyzed. Molecular simulations have been used in this work to study the various properties of Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers both in equilibrium as well as in the transient or steady-state flows. Hence an insight into these analyses will help us to study how the molecular properties help in anticancer drug delivery.
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Recurrent and chronic dermatophytosis is being increasingly seen nowadays. Without drug susceptibility tests, it is difficult to say whether these are due to antifungal resistance or due to other factors.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Hundred dermatophytosis patients, lasting for more than 6 months were enrolled. Detailed history was taken. A clinical examination and KOH preparation was done.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of total 100 patients, male to female ratio was 61:39. The most common age group was 16-30 years and 31-45years respectively. Tinea cruris with corporis was the common clinical type (44%) followed by tinea cruris alone (31%) and tinea corporis alone (25%). KOH was positive in 64%. History of delay in consulting doctor was present in 77%, home remedies in 19%, OTC drug usage in 46% among which 69.56% were steroid combined antifungals, treatment by non dermatologists in 52%. Adherence to therapy was seen only in 28%. The common aggravating factors were hot environment (60%), friction, occlusion and during menstruation. Family history of tinea was positive in 66%. No of baths were less than one per day in 8%, sharing of soap and clothing was seen in 41%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Misuse of OTC topical corticosteroids, multiple familial contacts, unhygienic practices, treatment by nondermatologists with inappropriate drug, dose and duration, poor compliance to treatment have all contributed to the emergence of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis.</p>
Melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis characterized by irregular light to dark brown macules and patches seen mainly in women and over sun-exposed skin on the face. We have undertaken this RCT to compare the efficacy between oral Tranexamic acid and Topical Triple combination as Tranexamic acid is having good safety profile. To compare the therapeutic efficacy of oral Tranexamic acid versus Topical Triple combination for the treatment of Melasma using MASI score. To compare the adverse effects profile of each treatment modality. Total subjects (66 patients) were divided into 2 groups (A and B, each with 33 patients) by simple randomization method.Patients and analysers were blinded to treatments. Group-A received topical triple combination cream once daily (15-minutes) at night for 8 weeks followed by maintenance regimen of biweekly application of product for 4 weeks and oral placebo tablets (calcium gluconate 250mg) twice daily for 12 weeks. Group-B received oral Tranexamic acid tablets 250mg twice daily for 12 weeks with topical placebo cream (Moisturizer) once daily at night for 8 weeks followed by maintenance regimen of biweekly application of product for 4 weeks. MASI score was assessed at baseline and monthly follow-up visits along with simultaneous serial digital photographs, with the recording of side effects. Both groups showed significant decrease in MASI score in each followup visits without any statistically significant difference. In epidermal melasma topical triple combination is preferred over oral tranexamic acid. In dermal and mixed variety oral tranexamic acid is better.
Background: CADRs are known to be more common in HIV with severity ranging from mild to life threatening ones. Aims: a). To know the epidemiology and clinical profile of mucocutaneous manifestations of ADRs among HIV patients. b). To correlate the spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations with laboratory derangements. Materials and Methods: Adult HIV patients with suspected CADRs were recruited. History about epidemiological data, culprit drug and spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations were taken. Severity scoring was done according to modified Hartwig and Siegels system and causality assessment was done using Naranjo system. Investigations like CBC, RFT, LFT, RBS, serum electrolytes, urine examinations were carried out. Results: Out of 110 patients, male to female ratio was 0.83:1. Most common age group was 31-40 years. Most common presentation was maculopapular eruption (39.09%) followed by FDE (11.8%), angioedema (10.9%), DRESS (10%), SJS(7.27%) and others. Most common offending drug group was ART (40.9%) followed by antibiotics (20.9%). Most common laboratory derangement was increase in liver enzymes (SGOT in 24.5%, SGPT in 21.8%) followed by eosinophilia (19.1%), raised bilirubin and serum creatinine (5.5%). There was a significant association between raised liver enzymes, total bilirubin, Eosinophilia and raised Serum creatinine with DRESS and also significant association between raised liver enzymes and raised Serum creatinine with SJS. Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis, isolation of the offending drug and treatment of the CADRs are warranted, since severe reactions may be associated with internal organ damage. Keywords: Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs), HIV, Laboratory derangements.
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