Satisfying the ever-demanding tastes of global consumers has led supermarkets and department stores to source products from farms and factories scattered across the globe. Today global supply chains carrying fresh products (such as cut flowers and fresh vegetables) and processed ones (such as garments and tea) are a defining characteristic of production spaces, particularly in countries in the majority world where such chains provide important opportunities and where certain sectors (eg tea in kenya) have benefited from integration in global supply chains that link European consumers with majority world workers and farmers. These sectors are not only the leading foreign exchange earners but also provide substantial employment opportunities for the millions of people.
Abstract This article examines research on gender mainstreaming initiatives, undertaken by a sample of localNGOs in four African countries. This research explores where resistance to gender equality comes fromin some African organisations and communities. It shows that for gender mainstreaming processes tobe effective they need to address the complex realities of people, and be sensitive to the values ofcommunities in their implementation. The more successful gender mainstreaming initiatives haveworked with local people's beliefs and realities, and allowed sufficient time for attitudinal change in bothlocal people and NGO staff.
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