Testicular degeneration is associated with loss of fertility and may a!ect endocrine pathways. We have developed a testicular degeneration model in bulls by partial resection of the scrotum without testes removal. Testicular histology, LH, FSH and testosterone release were compared in bulls with scrotal resection (SR; n = 10), gonad-intact bulls (GI; n = 8) as negative and Burdizzo-castrated bulls (BZ; n = 9) as positive controls. Blood only was collected from orchidectomised bulls (OR, n = 10). Surgeries were performed at 54 ! 3 days of age and testes were obtained 474 ! 11 days thereafter. Blood for hormone analysis was taken at 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 w. SR bulls showed partial testicular degeneration with no sperm in 6 and reduced sperm numbers in 4 animals. Testes were completely degenerated in BZ bulls while histology was unimpaired in GI controls. LH concentrations were higher in BZ and OR than in SR and GI bulls (p < 0.001) and decreased in all groups until 24 w. FSH levels were basal in SR and GI bulls, but in BZ and OR bulls were elevated at 8 w and decreased throughout the study (p < 0.001 between groups and over time). Testosterone concentrations increased in SR and GI but not GI and OR bulls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, complete testicular degeneration and testes removal led to a transient increase in LH and FSH release due to lack of negative feedback. Incomplete testicular degeneration in SR bulls did not change endocrine testicular function and gonadotropin release.
Journal Article Stability of ondansetron hydrochloride and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and in 5% dextrose injection Get access Brigitte Evrard, Pharm.D., Brigitte Evrard, Pharm.D. Research Assistant Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Address reprint requests to Dr. Evrard at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Liège, 5, rue Fusch, B-4000, Liège, Belgium. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Attilio Ceccato, Pharm.M, Attilio Ceccato, Pharm.M Research Assistant Department of Drug Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Liège (UL), Liège, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Olivier Gaspard, Olivier Gaspard Pharmacist Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège Hospital (ULH) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Luc Delattre, Pharm.D., Luc Delattre, Pharm.D. Professor and Head Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, UL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jean-Pierre Delporte, Pharm.D. Jean-Pierre Delporte, Pharm.D. Professor and Head Department of Pharmacy, ULH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 54, Issue 9, 1 May 1997, Pages 1065–1068, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/54.9.1065 Published: 01 May 1997
endometrium such as specific cytokines equilibrium, growth factors and angiogenic factors but also some specific immunological target cells.Despite research and technique progresses, despite a lot of publications defining profiles -normal or pathological-at the genomic and proteomic level, the molecular fingerprint of the receptive endometrium remains unknown (Berlanga et al., 2011;Rashid et al., 2011;Singh et al., 2011).The progression of implantation and then pregnancy requires immunological tolerance which allows conceptus survival.It has been proposed that uterine natural killer cells (uNK) could exert, directly or indirectly, either positive or negative control over these early steps (Dosiou and Giudice, 2005).These cells secrete an array of cytokines important for adequate local immune regulation, angiogenesis, placental development, and establishment of pregnancy.Successful subsequent placentation and remodeling of the uterine vasculature is a fundamental step for a healthy pregnancy that requires also a highly orchestrated reciprocal signaling process.Deficiencies in this process are implicated in a number of dangerous pregnancy complications with excess (percreta/accreta placentation) or defective implantation (preeclampsia, intra uterine growth restriction).Implantation failure, recurrent miscarriage and preeclampsia have several recognized causes in common, but in most cases, the precise etiology remains obscure.The most limiting and difficult issue to evaluate during the implantation process is the dialogue at the materno-fetal interface.Embryo is able to cross-talk with the endometrium through different molecules, cytokines and hormones.It is able to actively participate to its own implantation and to influence endometrial gene expression (Kashiwagi et al., 2007).Inversely, endometrium is competent to differently answer to the implanting embryo, to favor or reject implantation (Bauersachs et al., 2009).Moreover, the cytokine network acting in the female reproductive tract around implantation integrates environmental information to program the embryo and fine-tune the maternal immune response and endometrial remodeling to determine implantation success (Robertson et al., 2011).All these interactions are not accessible to the researcher for obvious ethical reasons that let understand why implantation remains the black box of reproduction, even in 2012.Among the factors produced by the embryo, its specific signal chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) and its hyperglycosylated form H-hCG are another example of target molecules at this crossroads of immune tolerance, angiogenesis, and invasive process at the maternal-fetal interface.This chapter will overview the recent literature and personal data concerning impact of gametes, endometrium and embryo during implantation process.
Retrospective study on a nine year ART practice focusing on pregnancy outcomes and multiple pregnancies, their complications, the gestational duration, delivery options, the new born weights and health statements til the age of two. Post ART pregnancies seem to have an increased complication rate; multiple births are more frequent than with spontaneous conception. The first chapter deals with the entire group. The second chapter analyses several sub-groups according to the ART method employed. The results are compared to publications in PubMed and Medline.
Abstract Study question What are the neonatal outcomes of fresh/frozen-thawed embryos derived from monopronuclear zygotes (1PN)? Is there any influence of the method of fertilization? Summary answer A total of 231 monoembryonic transfers (TF) of fresh or frozen/thawed embryos derived from 1PN zygotes allows to the birth of twenty-seven healthy babies. What is known already Zygotes were classified 16 to 18 hours post insemination according to the extrusion of the second polar body and the number of pronuclei (PN). The «normally fertilized» zygotes display 2 PN and those with 0, 1 or more than 2 PN (> 2PN) are considered as abnormal. If some zygotes are always discarded (>2PN) due to the increased risk of aneuploidy, the transfer of embryos derived from 1PN zygotes remains more controversial. Study design, size, duration Our retrospective study included all conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles performed between january 2018 and december 2022. Embryo and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in a first group of 781 fresh cycles (731 patients) and in a second group of 167 FET (150 patients) with embryos derived from 1PN zygote. Only monoembryonic transfers were analyzed for live birth rate (LBR). Participants/materials, setting, methods Only embryos derived from 1PN zygotes were analyzed in our study. For fresh cycles (n = 2762), embryo outcome was analyzed for 1234 (1PN) zygotes (IVF = 648 and ICSI = 586). Fresh embryo TF was performed in 64 cycles. For frozen cycles, TF was achieved in 167 cases. For a total of 231 TF on day 2, 3 or 5, pregnancy and live birth rates were analyzed. Main results and the role of chance At first, 46% of 1PN zygotes from fresh IVF cycles gave rise to embryos of sufficient quality to be transferred or frozen (day 3 or 5/6). This rate decreased to 33% in the fresh ICSI cycles. Blastulation rate was also more important in IVF group (44%) in comparison to ICSI group (20%) without signification (p = 0.1). Fresh TF of 64 patients (32 in each fertilization group) allowed 7 pregnancies in the IVF group (PR = 22%) as compared to 4 pregnancies in the ICSI group (PR = 12%). The 7 IVF pregnancies ended in 4 deliveries of healthy newborns, 2 miscarriages and one pregnancy still ongoing. In the ICSI group, 1 birth of a healthy newborn and 3 miscarriages were observed. Secondary, thirty-six pregnancies were obtained in the 167 FET cycles. A non significative difference was observed between embryos derived from IVF cycles (PR = 26%) and ICSI cycles (PR = 16%) with respectively 15 and 6 healthy babies born. Two pregnancies in each group are still ongoing. Limitations, reasons for caution The main limitation of this study is that it was a retrospective, single-center study with a relatively small number of births. Wider implications of the findings In conclusion, we observed better outcomes in IVF cycles in comparison to ICSI cycles and our center policy to transfer a good quality embryo developed from 1PN zygotes allowed 26 deliveries of 27 healthy newborns during the period analyzed. Trial registration number not applicable
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