M. Singaravelu

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology

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M.M.C. Rajivgandhi

S. V. Bhagwanrao

I. Irulappan

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Sathish‐Kumar Kamaraj

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

K. Subburamu

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

A. Nazar

Aisyah University

C. Vijayanand

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Adam Juma Abdallah Gudo

Zhejiang University

H. Egnéus

University of Gothenburg

K. Subburamu

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Cooperative Institutions

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

University of Gothenburg

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute

Government Vellore Medical College

Tecnologie Avanzate (Italy)

Universidad Tecnológica de Aguascalientes

Tecnológico Nacional de México

Instituto Tecnológico de León

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Biomethanation of Paper Mill liquid effluent through UASB reactor

M. Singaravelu Adam Juma Abdallah Gudo

A pilot scale UASB reactor designed to handle 6800 L of the liquid influent, was installed in GVG Paper Mill Industry, Udumalpet in Tamil Nadu. The COD of the influent varied from 4100 to 6500 10-3 kg/m3 during the experiments. The liquid waste was passed through the anaerobic reactor in up flow mode, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 h that correspond to the influent flow rates of 2.27, 1.13, 0.76, 0.57, 0.45 m3/h respectively. Each trial was conducted continuously for 10 days. The highest average biogas production of 9.3 m3 is obtained at 6 h HRT with the corresponding influent flow rate of 1.13 m3/ h. The calorific value of the biogas varies from 5122 to 5406 kcal/m3. The methane content varies from 50.7 to 62.4% . The reactor has the pay back period of 6 to 6.1 years. The 6 h HRT (1.13 m3/h of influent flow rate) can be recommended for biomethanation of paper mill liquid effluent in the designed UASB reactor of 6.8 m3 capacity.

Biogas

Hydraulic retention time

Biogas Production

10.1109/aeeicb.2016.7538384

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Factors affecting on handling and transportation of biomass briquettes.

International journal of tropical agriculture (2015)

S. V. Bhagwanrao M. Singaravelu

Briquette

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Pre-harvest spray of calcium in grapes (Vitis vinifera).

South Indian horticulture (1990)

K. Subburamu M. Singaravelu A. Nazar I. Irulappan

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Effect of stage of harvest in tomato cultivars in improving the shelf life and fruit quality.

South Indian horticulture (1990)

K. Subburamu M. Singaravelu A. Nazar I. Irulappan

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Purification and Upgrading of Biogas by Physical Absorption Process

Trends in Biosciences/Trends in biosciences (2014)

M.M.C. Rajivgandhi M. Singaravelu

Biogas is generated from anaerobic digestion of organic wastes by micro organisms. It is a relatively simple and economical method to produce a fuel from waste. It has a composition of methane as the main component with 50–70 percent, carbon dioxide around 30–40 percent and, hydrogen sulphide and moisture in trace quantities. The composition of biogas varies depending upon the substrates used. The raw biogas from the biogas digesters is properly scrubbed and purified to remove the unwanted gases like CO2, H2S and moisture upto a certain required level. In this work, a biogas upgrading system of 2 m3/h capacity has been developed for the removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide from biogas, is indispensable to get biomethane. Developed biogas upgrading system, upgrades the biogas up to 96- 97% biomethane at 10 bar column-operating pressure with 1.5–2.5 m3/h of biogas in-uow rate and 1.75 m3/h of water inuow rate.

Biogas

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UASB biomethanation reactor performance in fruit processing industrial wastes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (2014)

M.M.C. Rajivgandhi M. Singaravelu Sathish‐Kumar Kamaraj

Biogas

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Biogas purification system for cassava based sago and starch industries.

Trends in Biosciences/Trends in biosciences (2014)

M.M.C. Rajivgandhi M. Singaravelu Sathish‐Kumar Kamaraj

Cassava plants are grown in abundance in many parts of Tamil Nadu and it is industrially processed into several by-products. A cassava based industry generates about 30,000–40,000 L of effluent from per ton of sago production with COD of 5,000– 7,000 mg L”1. Treating the waste water through anaerobic digestion not only serves as a potential option to solve the energy crisis but also solves pollution problems. About 100 sago industries were surveyed belonging to different sago associations like Salem, Attur, Namakkal, Rasipuram and other parts of Tamil Nadu. The total quantity of biogas that can be generated from the liquid effluent released by the 100 cassava processing industries is 12,627 m3/day. The biogas generated from cassava industries contains 50 – 55% of methane, 40 – 45% CO2 and traces H2S. Presence of CO2 and H2S poses a major problem because (i) it reduces calorific value (ii) they can be detrimental to the thermal conversion device (e.g., corrosion, erosion, fouling) and (iii) they generate harmful environmental emissions. It is therefore important to include the biogas puriucation steps upstream of its end use. Various technologies have been developed for biogas purification, in that high pressure water scrubbing is a technique seems to be attractive option for sago and starch industries.

Biogas

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Installation of a biogas upgradation system

AgricINTERNATIONAL (2017)

C. Vijayanand M. Singaravelu

Biogas is methane-rich gas produced by the fermentation of plant or crop waste, effluents, cattle dung and night soil under anaerobic conditions and is used to generate heat and power. The presence of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia debases the heat value of the biogas. For increasing the biogas heat value and upgrading biogas to biomethane, polishing off the non-combustible gases from biogas must be accomplished. Biogas countercurrent upgradation system was fabricated and installed in a sago industry for upgrading biogas derived from anaerobic digestion of sago processing wastewater. A system for upgrading 354 ft3/h of biogas was fabricated using polyvinylchloride pipes of 12.7 mm thickness and 300 mm diameter; the system was installed over a foundation of concrete-filled pit with the help of protruding bed bolts. The bed bolds used were of 3/8 “ diameter fitted in holes bored in the stands which were to contain a maximum weight of 1 ton. This system was commissioned to upgrade biogas produced from sago processing wastewater.

Biogas

10.5958/2454-8634.2017.00003.1

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Upgrading Biogas to Biomethane by Physical Absorption Process

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology (2014)

M.M.C. Rajivgandhi M. Singaravelu

Biogas is generated from anaerobic digestion of organic wastes by micro organisms. It is a relatively simple and economical method to produce a fuel from waste. It has a composition of methane as the main component with 50–70 percent, carbon dioxide around 30–40 percent and, hydrogen sulphide and moisture in trace quantities. The composition of biogas varies depending upon the substrates used. The raw biogas from the biogas digesters is properly scrubbed and purified to remove the unwanted gases like CO2, H2S and moisture upto a certain required level. In this work, a biogas upgrading system of 2 m3/h capacity has been developed for the removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide from biogas, is indispensable to get biomethane. Developed biogas upgrading system, upgrades the biogas up to 96- 97% biomethane at 10 bar column-operating pressure with 1.5- 2.5 m3/h of biogas in-flow rate and 1.75 m3/h of water inflow rate.

Biogas

10.5958/2230-732x.2014.01370.9

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Fluidity characteristics of farm residue based producer gas.

M. Singaravelu K. Swaminathan H. Egnéus A. Ellegård

Residue (chemistry)

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