Gururaj Deshpande

ICMR-National Institute of Virology

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Gajanan Sapkal

ICMR-National Institute of Virology

Pragya D. Yadav

ICMR-National Institute of Virology

Priya Abraham

Christian Medical College & Hospital

Anita M. Shete

ICMR-National Institute of Virology

Dimpal A. Nyayanit

ICMR-National Institute of Virology

Rima R. Sahay

ICMR-National Institute of Virology

Deepak Y. Patil

ICMR-National Institute of Virology

Nivedita Gupta

Indian Council of Medical Research

Balram Bhargava

Indian Council of Medical Research

Samiran Panda

Indian Council of Medical Research

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ICMR-National Institute of Virology

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Indian Council of Medical Research

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Institute of Medical Sciences

National Institute of Epidemiology

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Government of India

Bharat Biotech (India)

Regional Medical Research Centre

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Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (R346K) variant in Syrian hamsters and its cross-neutralization with different variants of concern

EBioMedicine (2022)

Sreelekshmy Mohandas Pragya D. Yadav Gajanan Sapkal Anita M. Shete Gururaj Deshpande

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is rampantly spreading across the globe. We assessed the pathogenicity and immune response generated by BA.1.1 sub-lineage of SARS-CoV-2 [Omicron (R346K) variant] in 5 to 6-week old Syrian hamsters and compared the observations with that of Delta variant infection.Virus shedding, organ viral load, lung disease and immune response generated in hamsters were sequentially assessed.The disease characteristics of the Omicron (R346K) variant were found to be similar to that of the Delta variant infection in hamsters like viral replication in the respiratory tract and interstitial pneumonia. The Omicron (R346K) infected hamsters demonstrated lesser body weight reduction and viral RNA load in the throat swab and nasal wash samples in comparison to the Delta variant infection. The viral load in the lungs and nasal turbinate samples and the lung disease severity of the Omicron (R346K) infected hamsters were found comparable with that of the Delta variant infected hamsters. Neutralizing antibody response against Omicron (R346K) variant was detected from day 5 and the cross-neutralization titre of the sera against other variants showed severe reduction ie., 7 fold reduction against Alpha and no titers against B.1, Beta and Delta.This preliminary data shows that Omicron (R346K) variant infection can produce moderate to severe lung disease similar to that of the Delta variant and the neutralizing antibodies produced in response to Omicron (R346K) variant infection shows poor neutralizing ability against other co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants like Delta which necessitates caution as it may lead to increased cases of reinfection.This study was supported by Indian Council of Medical Research as an intramural grant (COVID-19) to ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune.

Pathogenesis

Respiratory tract

10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103997

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Citations (35)

Elevated neutralization of Omicron with sera of COVID-19 recovered and breakthrough cases vaccinated with Covaxin than two dose naïve vaccinees

Journal of Infection (2022)

Pragya D. Yadav Gajanan Sapkal Rima R. Sahay Deepak Y. Patil Gururaj Deshpande

Immune escape

10.1016/j.jinf.2022.03.016

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Citations (16)

Comparison of the pathogenicity and virus shedding of SARS CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 and D614G variant in hamster model

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2021)

Sreelekshmy Mohandas Pragya D. Yadav Dimpal A. Nyayanit Gururaj Deshpande Anita Shete-Aich

Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has posed a serious challenge to public health system and vaccination programs across the globe. We have studied the pathogenicity and virus shedding pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 and compared with D614G variant in Syrian hamsters. VOC 202012/01 could produce disease in hamsters characterized by body weight loss and respiratory tract tropism but mild lung pathology. Further, we also documented that neutralizing antibodies developed against VOC 202012/01 could equally neutralize D614G variant. Higher load of VOC 202012/01 in the nasal wash specimens was observed during the first week of infection outcompeting the D614G variant. The findings suggest increased fitness of VOC 202012/01 to the upper respiratory tract which could lead to higher transmission. Further investigations are needed to understand the transmissibility of new variants. One-Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 infected hamsters demonstrated high viral RNA shedding through the nasal secretions and significant body weight loss with mild lung pathology compared to the D614G variant.

Viral Shedding

Respiratory tract

Mesocricetus

10.1101/2021.02.25.432136

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Citations (20)

Visual Experience in Strabismus – A Concept-Based Learning for Postgraduates

TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research (2024)

Anjali Khadia Veena Kannusamy Fredrick Moutappa Janani Muralikrishnan GS Lavanya

Abstract Objective: To demonstrate various techniques of sensory and motor examination of strabismus which will be helpful for the residents in understanding basic concepts in an easy way and practice in their career. Materials and Methods: The demonstration of sensory and motor examination is done by making orthotropic eye optically esotropia,exotropia,hypotropia or hypertropia by placing prism in front of the eye displacing the retinal image leading to eye movement. The interpretation of Red glass test, Bagolini striated glass test, Maddox rod test, double Maddox rod test, after image test is demonstrated easily by making the examiners feel the real appearance of examination of strabismic patients. Results: This examination could play a role in allowing residents to improve their skills free from the burdens of space and time limitations. Additionally, residents developed the confidence to examine and diagnose children with strabismus. Conclusion: We strongly believe that these examinations aimed at assessing improvements in strabismus will significantly enhance residents’ abilities to diagnose and treat this condition effectively. This study was aimed to help ophthalmology residents; it could be beneficial for trained ophthalmologists to maintain or practice their skills.

10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_99_24

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Implementing Serosurveys in India: Experiences, Lessons Learned, and Recommendations

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2021)

Alvira Z. Hasan Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar Christine Prosperi Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj R. Sabarinathan

Serological surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles and rubella, can provide direct measures of population immunity across age groups, identify gaps in immunity, and document changes in immunity over time. Rigorously conducted, representative household serosurveys provide high-quality estimates with minimal bias. However, they can be logistically challenging, expensive, and have higher refusal rates than vaccine coverage surveys. This article shares lessons learned through implementing nine measles and rubella household serosurveys in five districts in India-the challenges faced, the potential impact on results, and recommendations to facilitate the conduct of serosurveys. Specific lessons learned arose from challenges related to community mobilization owing to lack of cooperation in certain settings and populations, limitations of outdated census information, nonresponse due to refusal or unavailability during survey enumeration and enrollment, data collection issues, and specimen collection and handling issues. Although some experiences are specific to serosurveys in India, these lessons are generalizable to other household surveys, particularly vaccination coverage and serosurveys conducted in low- and middle-income settings.

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0401

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Citations (6)

Zika virus outbreak in Rajasthan, India in 2018 was caused by a virus endemic to Asia

Infection Genetics and Evolution (2019)

Pragya D. Yadav Bharati Malhotra Gajanan Sapkal Dimpal A. Nyayanit Gururaj Deshpande

Zika Virus

Tamil

Strain (injury)

10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.026

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Citations (56)

P1-S2.14 Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis Re-infection and associated risk factors among cohort of female sex workers in India

Sexually Transmitted Infections (2011)

Arun Risbud Gururaj Deshpande Prakash Narayanan Parimi Prabhakar Anjana Das

Background Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections can be completely cured by appropriate medication. Syndromic STI management often fails to cover asymomatic NG/CT infections. Additionally, Female sex workers (FSWs), due to their risky behaviour are vulnerable to repeated infections. Frequency of repeated infections with these pathogens was studied in a cohort of FSWs. Methods In 6 months prospective cohort study, FSWs aged 18–40 years were recruited from three STI clinics in two states in India as a part of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funded operational research. Vaginal swab specimens were collected in all visits and were tested for NG/CT by Gen-Probe APTIMA Combo II assay. Presumptive treatment for gonorrhoea and chlamydia at the baseline visit and syndromic STI management at all subsequent visits was provided during the study period. Re-infection was defined as a laboratory confirmed NG/CT infection occurring after 30 days from an initial confirmed positive test result. Results Of 417 FSWs recruited during 2008–2009, 360 made at least 1-monthly follow-up visit. At baseline and during follow-up, 184 were NG infected and 210 were CT infected see Abstract P1-S2.14 Table 1. A total of 39 (11.8%) NG re-infections and 30 (8.3%) CT re-infections were identified at follow-up visits. Among the factors studied, alcohol consumption (OR=2.4, p=0.01); relatively new to commercial sex work (within 3 years) (OR=2.16, p=0.03); had STIs in the past (OR=3.85, p=0.00) were significantly associated with the NG, CT re-infection. Abstract P1-S2.14 Table 1 Re-infection frequency among female sex workers Cohort in India NG-Re-infection Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 Visit 4 Visit 5 Total No re-infection/Negatives 417 343 288 244 175 1467 Re-infected (31–330 days) 00 17 4 6 12 39 Total 417 360 292 250 187 1506 CT-Re-infection No re-infection/ Negatives 417 346 282 250 181 1476 Re-infected (30–291 days) 00 14 10 0 6 30 Total 417 360 292 250 187 1506 Conclusion High frequency of NG and CT re-infection among FSWs highlights the need for regular screening for etiological diagnosis for effective treatment. New sex workers and those consuming alcohol need special attention in STI management.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Chlamydial infection

Female sex

Gonococcal infection

10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.71

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Evaluation of immunogenicity post two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, Covaxin after six months

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (2022)

Rima R. Sahay Pragya D. Yadav Ashok Nandapurkar Rutuja Dhawde Annasaheb Suryawanshi

We have evaluated the immunogenicity of two dose of Covaxin given at a one-month interval to two adult populations, i.e. COVID-19 naïve-vaccinated individuals (n = 118) and COVID-19 recovered individuals (n = 128) with the vaccination. The immune response in the study population were assessed at three follow-ups, namely at one month post first dose, one and six months after the second dose. The persistence of S1RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies for six months post vaccination was observed at different time intervals. The enhanced immune response was observed in both the participant groups. The study emphasizes the need for a booster dose post six months of vaccination.

Booster dose

Antibody response

10.1080/21645515.2022.2156753

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Measles and rubella seroprevalence in adults using residual blood samples from health facilities and household serosurveys in Palghar District, Maharashtra, India, 2018 – 2019

Epidemiology and Infection (2024)

Christine Prosperi Alvira Z. Hasan Amy K. Winter Itta Krishna Chaaithanya Neha Salvi

Residual blood specimens collected at health facilities may be a source of samples for serosurveys of adults, a population often neglected in community-based serosurveys. Anonymized residual blood specimens were collected from individuals 15 - 49 years of age attending two sub-district hospitals in Palghar District, Maharashtra, from November 2018 to March 2019. Specimens also were collected from women 15 - 49 years of age enrolled in a cross-sectional, community-based serosurvey representative at the district level that was conducted 2 - 7 months after the residual specimen collection. Specimens were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses. Measles and rubella seroprevalence estimates using facility-based specimens were 99% and 92%, respectively, with men having significantly lower rubella seropositivity than women. Age-specific measles and rubella seroprevalence estimates were similar between the two specimen sources. Although measles seropositivity was slightly higher among adults attending the facilities, both facility and community measles seroprevalence estimates were 95% or higher. The similarity in measles and rubella seroprevalence estimates between the community-based and facility serosurveys highlights the potential value of residual specimens to approximate community seroprevalence.

Seroprevalence

10.1017/s0950268824001389

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A Postoperative Complication Following Laparotomy For Ruptured Uterus

The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2012)

Gururaj Deshpande B. Hariprasad U. L. Lakshmi Narasamma

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Citations (1)