Lennart Verhagen

Radboud University Nijmegen

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Jérôme Sallet

Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau

Matthew F. S. Rushworth

John Radcliffe Hospital

Rogier B. Mars

University of Oxford

Ivan Toni

Radboud University Nijmegen

Davide Folloni

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Benjamin R. Kop

Radboud University Nijmegen

Tulika Nandi

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Elsa Fouragnan

University of Plymouth

Miriam C. Klein-Flügge

Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging

Jean‐François Aubry

ParisTech

Cooperative Institutions

University of Oxford

109

Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging

Radboud University Nijmegen

John Radcliffe Hospital

University College London

Allen Institute for Brain Science

University of Toronto

Inserm

Wellcome Trust

National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery

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Dichotomous organization of amygdala/temporal-prefrontal bundles in both humans and monkeys

eLife (2019)

Davide Folloni Jérôme Sallet Alexandre A. Khrapitchev Nicola R. Sibson Lennart Verhagen

The interactions of anterior temporal structures, and especially the amygdala, with the prefrontal cortex are pivotal to learning, decision-making, and socio-emotional regulation. A clear anatomical description of the organization and dissociation of fiber bundles linking anterior temporal cortex/amygdala and prefrontal cortex in humans is still lacking. Using diffusion imaging techniques, we reconstructed fiber bundles between these anatomical regions in human and macaque brains. First, by studying macaques, we assessed which aspects of connectivity known from tracer studies could be identified with diffusion imaging. Second, by comparing diffusion imaging results in humans and macaques, we estimated the patterns of fibers coursing between human amygdala and prefrontal cortex and compared them with those in the monkey. In posterior prefrontal cortex, we observed a prominent and well-preserved bifurcation of bundles into primarily two fiber systems-an amygdalofugal path and an uncinate path-in both species. This dissociation fades away in more rostral prefrontal regions.

Temporal cortex

Insular cortex

10.7554/elife.47175

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Citations (80)

P 60. Using TMS to investigate the role of EBA during action planning

Clinical Neurophysiology (2013)

Marius Zimmermann Lennart Verhagen Floris P. de Lange Ivan Toni

Intraparietal sulcus

Motor planning

Premotor cortex

Anticipation (artificial intelligence)

10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.138

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Citations (2)

TU-115. Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation of the human primary motor cortex

Clinical Neurophysiology (2022)

Benjamin R. Kop Sjoerd Meijer Soha Farboud Judith Lefkes Hanneke E. M. den Ouden

Ultrasonic motor

10.1016/j.clinph.2022.07.019

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Citations (0)

Identification and disruption of a neural mechanism for accumulating prospective metacognitive information prior to decision-making

Neuron (2021)

Kentaro Miyamoto Nadescha Trudel Kevin Leander Kamermans Michele C. Lim Alberto Lazari

More than one type of probability must be considered when making decisions. It is as necessary to know one's chance of performing choices correctly as it is to know the chances that desired outcomes will follow choices. We refer to these two choice contingencies as internal and external probability. Neural activity across many frontal and parietal areas reflected internal and external probabilities in a similar manner during decision-making. However, neural recording and manipulation approaches suggest that one area, the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (alPFC), is highly specialized for making prospective, metacognitive judgments on the basis of internal probability; it is essential for knowing which decisions to tackle, given its assessment of how well they will be performed. Its activity predicted prospective metacognitive judgments, and individual variation in activity predicted individual variation in metacognitive judgments. Its disruption altered metacognitive judgments, leading participants to tackle perceptual decisions they were likely to fail.

Identification

10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.024

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Citations (30)

Pseudo-CTs from T1-weighted MRI for planning of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation: an open-source tool

arXiv (Cornell University) (2022)

Siti N. Yaakub Tristan A. White Eric Kerfoot Lennart Verhagen Alexander Hammers

Background: Individual skull models of bone density and geometry are important when planning the expected transcranial ultrasound acoustic field and estimating mechanical and thermal safety in low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) studies. Computed tomography (CT) images have typically been used to estimate skull acoustic properties. However, obtaining CT images in research participants may be prohibitive due to exposure to ionising radiation and limited access to CT scanners within research groups. Objective: We present a validated open-source tool for researchers to obtain individual skull estimates from T1-weighted MR images, for use in acoustic simulations. Methods: We refined a previously trained and validated 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) to generate 100 keV pseudo-CTs. The network was pretrained on 110 individuals and refined and tested on a database of 37 healthy control individuals. We compared simulations based on reference CTs to simulations based on our pseudo-CTs and binary skull masks, a common alternative in the absence of CT. Results: Compared with reference CTs, our CNN produced pseudo-CTs with a mean absolute error of 109.8 +/- 13.0 HU across the whole head and 319.3 +/- 31.9 HU in the skull. In acoustic simulations, the focal pressure was statistically equivalent for simulations based on reference CT and pseudo-CT (0.48 +/- 0.04 MPa and 0.50 +/- 0.04 MPa respectively) but not for binary skull masks (0.28 +/- 0.05 MPa). Conclusions: We show that our network can produce pseudo-CT comparable to reference CTs in healthy individuals, and that these can be used in acoustic simulations.

Neuromodulation

Transcranial Doppler

Acoustic Radiation Force

10.48550/arxiv.2209.12031

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Citations (1)

Gorilla and Chimpanzee Brains

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2020)

Léa Roumazeilles Nicole Eichert Katherine Bryant Davide Folloni Jèrôme Sallet

This repository contains data associated with the following publication: Longitudinal connections and the organization of the temporal cortex in macaques, great apes, and humans Authors: Roumazeilles L, Eichert N, Bryant KL, Folloni D, Sallet J, Vijayakumar S, Foxley S, Tendler BC, Jbabdi S, Reveley C, Verhagen L, Dershowitz LB, Guthrie M, Flach E, Miller KL, Mars RB.
The text files 'dataset_loc_chimpanzee.txt' and 'dataset_loc_gorilla.txt' contain a link to the datasets. More information can be found in the 'dataset_info.txt' file.

Gorilla

10.5281/zenodo.3901205

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Citations (0)

Simultaneous representation of a spectrum of dynamically changing value estimates during decision making

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2017)

David Meder Nils Kolling Lennart Verhagen Marco K. Wittmann Jacqueline Scholl

Summary Decisions are based on value expectations derived from experience. We show that dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and three other brain regions hold multiple representations of choice value based on different time-scales of experience organized in terms of systematic gradients across the cortex. Some parts of each area represent value estimates based on recent reward experience while others represent value estimates based on experience over the longer term. The value estimates within these four brain areas interact with one another according to their temporal scaling. Some aspects of the representations change dynamically as the environment changes. The spectrum of value estimates may act as a flexible selection mechanism for combining experience-derived value information with other aspects of value to allow flexible and adaptive decisions in changing environments.

Value (mathematics)

Representation

10.1101/195842

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Citations (4)

Two fiber pathways connecting amygdala and prefrontal cortex in humans and monkeys

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2019)

Davide Folloni Jèrôme Sallet Alexandre A. Khrapitchev Nicola R. Sibson Lennart Verhagen

Abstract The interactions between amygdala and prefrontal cortex are pivotal to many neural processes involved in learning, decision-making, emotion, and social regulation. The broad functional role of amygdala-prefrontal interplay may reflect the diversity of its anatomical connections. Little, however, is known of the structural wiring linking amygdala and prefrontal cortex in humans. Using diffusion imaging techniques, we reconstructed connections between amygdala, anterior temporal and prefrontal cortex in human and macaque brains. First, by studying macaques we were able to assess which aspects of connectivity known from tracer studies could be identified with diffusion imaging. Second, by comparing diffusion imaging results in humans and macaques we were able to estimate amygdala-prefrontal connection patterns in humans and compare them with those in the monkey. We observed a prominent and well-preserved bifurcation of connections between amygdala and frontal lobe into two fiber networks – an amygdalofugal path and an uncinate fascicle path – in both species.

10.1101/561811

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Citations (3)

Reviewer #1 (Public Review): Auditory confounds can drive online effects of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation in humans

Benjamin R. Kop Yazan Shamli Oghli Talyta Cortez Grippe Tulika Nandi Judith Lefkes

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly emerging as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique. TUS is already well-established in animal models, providing foundations to now optimize neuromodulatory efficacy for human applications. Across multiple studies, one promising protocol, pulsed at 1000 Hz, has consistently resulted in motor cortical inhibition in humans (). At the same time, a parallel research line has highlighted the potentially confounding influence of peripheral auditory stimulation arising from TUS pulsing at audible frequencies. In this study, we disentangle direct neuromodulatory and indirect auditory contributions to motor inhibitory effects of TUS. To this end, we include tightly matched control conditions across four experiments, one preregistered, conducted independently at three institutions. We employed a combined transcranial ultrasonic and magnetic stimulation paradigm, where TMS-elicited motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) served as an index of corticospinal excitability. First, we replicated motor inhibitory effects of TUS but showed through both tight controls and manipulation of stimulation intensity, duration, and auditory masking conditions that this inhibition was driven by peripheral auditory stimulation, not direct neuromodulation. Further, we consider neuromodulation beyond driving overall excitation/inhibition and show preliminary evidence of how TUS might interact with ongoing neural dynamics instead. Primarily, this study highlights the substantial shortcomings in accounting for the auditory confound in prior TUS-TMS work where only a flip-over sham and no active control was used. The field must critically reevaluate previous findings given the demonstrated impact of peripheral confounds. Further, rigorous experimental design via (in)active control conditions is required to make substantiated claims in future TUS studies. Only when direct effects are disentangled from those driven by peripheral confounds can TUS fully realize its potential for research and clinical applications.

10.7554/elife.88762.2.sa1

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Citations (0)

Communicative knowledge pervasively influences sensorimotor computations

Scientific Reports (2017)

Anke Murillo Oosterwijk Miriam de Boer Arjen Stolk Frank Hartmann Ivan Toni

Referential pointing is a characteristically human behavior, which involves moving a finger through space to direct an addressee towards a desired mental state. Planning this type of action requires an interface between sensorimotor and conceptual abilities. A simple interface could supplement spatially-guided motor routines with communicative-ostensive cues. For instance, a pointing finger held still for an extended period of time could aid the addressee's understanding, without altering the movement's trajectory. A more complex interface would entail communicative knowledge penetrating the sensorimotor system and directly affecting pointing trajectories. We compare these two possibilities using motion analyses of referential pointing during multi-agent interactions. We observed that communicators produced ostensive cues that were sensitive to the communicative context. Crucially, we also observed pervasive adaptations to the pointing trajectories: they were tailored to the communicative context and to partner-specific information. These findings indicate that human referential pointing is planned and controlled on the basis of partner-specific knowledge, over and above the tagging of motor routines with ostensive cues.

Ostensive definition

Interface (matter)

10.1038/s41598-017-04442-w

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Citations (10)