Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is considered a promising antibiofilm therapy. However, CDT is difficult to achieve the desired antibacterial effect due to low local H2O2 concentration and glutathione (GSH) overexpression in the infection microenvironment. In this article, a hybrid nanozyme (Fe3O4-CaO2-PDA) was synthesized. The Fe3O4 nanozyme possesses peroxidase activity and can catalyze the conversion of H2O2, generated by the decomposition of modified CaO2 nanoparticles under acid triggering, into hydroxyl radicals (·OH); at the same time, polydopamine (PDA) consumes GSH, destroying the local redox homeostasis and thereby enhancing CDT. More importantly, Fe3O4 nanozyme and PDA have excellent photothermal properties and can accelerate the generation of ·OH and consumption of GSH by photothermal therapy (PTT), further enhancing CDT. The antibacterial effect of CDT+PTT+GSH-depletion (Fe3O4-CaO2-PDA+L) was evaluated by bacterial Live/Dead staining, CFU colony count, and bacterial cell membrane rupture, demonstrating satisfactory antibiofilm activity. At the same time, Fe3O4-CaO2-PDA+L showed excellent antibacterial ability in vivo, and the bacterial survival rate decreased to 10% compared with the control group. Interestingly, the hybrid nanozyme also exhibits the ability to promote collagen regeneration and regulate inflammation. In summary, this study proposes a synergistic multiple enhancement strategy, successfully constructed PTT-enhanced multifunctional hybrid nanozyme for efficient CDT anti-infection therapy.
The successful treatment of persistent and recurrent endodontic infections hinges upon the eradication of residual microorganisms within the root canal system, which urgently needs novel drugs to deliver potent yet gentle antimicrobial effects. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising tool for root canal infection management. Nevertheless, the hypoxic microenvironment within the root canal system significantly limits the efficacy of this treatment. Herein, a nanohybrid drug, Ce6/CaO
The success of root canal therapy depends mainly on the complete elimination of the root canal bacterial biofilm. The validity and biocompatibility of root canal disinfectant materials are imperative for the success of root canal treatment. However, the insufficiency of the currently available root canal disinfectant materials highlights that more advanced materials are still needed. In this study, a nanozyme-loaded hydrogel (Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel) was modified and analyzed as a root canal disinfectant material. Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel was fabricated and examined for its release profile, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. sanguis biofilms in vitro. Furthermore, its efficiency in eliminating the root canal bacterial biofilm removal in SD rat teeth was also evaluated. The results in vitro showed that Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel could release reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, it showed good biocompatibility, disrupting bacterial cell membranes, and inhibiting exopolysaccharide production (p < 0.0001). In addition, in vivo results showed that Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel strongly scavenged on root canal biofilm infection and prevented further inflammation expansion (p < 0.05). Altogether, suggesting that Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel can be used as a new effective biocompatible root canal disinfectant material. Our research provides a broad prospect for clinical root canal disinfection, even extended to other refractory infections in deep sites.
In this investigation, transient crosslinking was constructed to obtain a hydrogel with excellent mechanical and self-healing properties. Firstly, core-shell particles with hydrophilic amino groups were prepared by emulsion polymerization and subsequently dispersed into hydrophobic association polyacrylamide hydrogels. Transient crosslinking was constructed through hydrogen bonding between core-shell particles and polyacrylamide. As a result, the hydrogels exhibited a tensile strength of 1.4 MPa and self-healing efficiency of 98% at 24 h. Furthermore, reconstruction of the transient crosslinking was confirmed from rheological measurements. Therefore, the essential reinforcement principle based on transient crosslinking would open a novel strategy to obtain hydrogels with superior toughness and self-healing properties.
Abstract Periodontitis is an increasingly prevalent oral inflammatory disease, whose treatment faces potent challenges because of recurrent bacterial infections, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as unrelenting inflammation‐induced alveolar bone resorption during the pathological process. Herein, we present the rational design and construction of a multifunctional hydrogel platform composed of the quaternized chitosan/oxidized dextran (QCS/OD) hydrogel component with high bactericidal activity and immunomodulatory carbonized polymer dots from resveratrol (RSV‐CPDs) for periodontitis treatment. Such RSV‐CPDs@QCS/OD (RCQD) hydrogels exhibit characteristics including shape adaptability, self‐healing properties, and pH‐responsibility, enabling it to adapt to irregularly shaped periodontal tissues, degrade gradually in the mildly acidic microenvironment of periodontitis, and release immunomodulatory RSV‐CPDs in a controlled manner. Significantly, RCQD can effectively suppress the proliferation of bacteria as well as alleviate oxidative stress, and relieve inflammation via activating the Nrf2/NF‐κB signaling pathway, ultimately fostering a favorable environment for the regeneration of both the soft and hard periodontal tissue. Overall, this study highlights the great potential of RCQD for treating periodontitis by addressing the practical needs in tissue regeneration.
Autologous blood-derived protein hydrogels have shown great promise in the field of personalized regenerative medicine. However, the inhospitable regenerative microenvironments, especially the unfavorable immune microenvironment, are closely associated with their limited tissue-healing outcomes. Herein, novel immunomodulatory blood-derived hybrid hydrogels (PnP-iPRF) are rationally designed and constructed for enhanced bone regeneration via multichannel regulation of the osteogenic microenvironment. Such double-network hybrid hydrogels are composed of clinically approved injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) and polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite nanofibers by using enriched polydopamine (PDA) as the anchor. The polycaprolactone component in PnP-iPRF provides a reinforced structure to stimulate osteoblast differentiation in a proper biomechanical microenvironment. Most importantly, the versatile PDA component in PnP-iPRF can not only offer high adhesion capacity to the growth factors of i-PRF and create a suitable biochemical microenvironment for sustained osteogenesis but also reprogram the osteoimmune microenvironment via the induction of M2 macrophage polarization to promote bone healing. The present study will provide a new paradigm to realize enhanced osteogenic efficacy by multichannel microenvironment regulations and give new insights into engineering high-efficacy i-PRF hydrogels for regenerative medicine.
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