Against the background of the aging trend in China, construction and regeneration strategies for an aging-friendly built environment are becoming common, led by urban governments, and public street spaces are the focus of these strategies. Exploring such planning and design strategies can help to improve the social welfare of the aging population and meet their diverse needs. Thus, this paper, through analyzing the determinants of the elderly’s needs, examines the relationship between spatial perception and street form, using Shanghai, in China, as a case study. This study contributes to the current literature in two ways: first, it constitutes the first attempt to build a needs hierarchy for aging people in a Chinese developed city; second, our statistical analysis involves large-scale population surveys, which helps us to comprehensively and deeply understand the impact of detailed street forms on the elderly’s various spatial perceptions. Our results indicate that the renovation of street space in different areas of cities can be improved by the control of street form, to meet the diverse needs of the local aging group.
With the advances of sensory, satellite and mobile communication technologies in recent decades, locational data become widely available. A lot of work has been developed to find useful information from these data, and various approaches have been proposed. In this work, we aim to use one specific type of locational data -- network connection logs of mobile devices, which is widely available and easily accessible to telecom companies, to identify and extract active areas of users. This is a challenging topic due to the existence of inaccurate location and fluctuating log time intervals of this kind of data. In order to observe user behavior from this kind of data set, we propose a new algorithm, namely Behavior Observation Tool (BOT), which uses Convex Hull Algorithm with sliding time windows to model the user's movement, and thus knowledge about the user's lifestyle and habits can extracted from the mobile device network logs.
Ozone disinfection is an efficient method, but it has no persistent disinfection effect, which is the main factor restricting its development. However, tea polyphenols are a renewable green resource and have continuous disinfection effect in drinking water treatment. Thus, it is beneficial to make tea polyphenols an auxiliary disinfectant to ozone disinfection, explore the combined disinfection effect of ozone and tea polyphenols, and optimize its operating conditions. The optimal disinfection effect of the combined disinfectant was determined by using a response surface analysis (RSA). This method of experimental design with three factors and three levels was used to establish a regression model for analysis. The results showed that the dosage of tea polyphenols was the most significant influencing factor; combined with ozone, the half-life of tea polyphenols was extended from 15 h to 77 h, which could achieve continuous control of network microorganisms. The optimal operating condition of the combined disinfectant was an ozone dosage of 2.5 mg/L, ozone contact time of 25 min, and tea polyphenol dosage of 20 mg/L. The advantages of tea polyphenols and ozone can be well exerted under these conditions, which will ensure the safety of effluent from microbes.
Growing industrialization of China exposes its labor population to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs in a modern industrial region of Beijing.A cross-sectional study included 1415 employees in six industrial companies was conducted between January 2018 and May 2018 in Fangshan district, Beijng, China. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to collect the information about MSDs. Demographic factors, lifestyle factors, health and medical factors, and work-related factors were collected as independent variables. Descriptive statistics, the chi-squared (χ) test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data.Among 1415 participants, 498 reported MSDs. The regions involved were the neck (25.16%), shoulders (17.17%), and upper back (13.29%). There was a significant statistical difference between frontline industrial workers and other staff in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms involving the shoulders (χ = 4.33, P = 0.037), wrists and hands (χ = 8.90, P = 0.003), and ankles and feet (χ = 12.88, P < 0.001). Increased age (P = 0.005, OR = 1.63; P = 0.001, OR = 2.33), a high or a low salary (P < 0.001, OR = 0.49; P < 0.001, OR = 0.30), night-shift (P = 0.027, OR = 1.46), two-week-history of illness and treatment (P = 0.004, OR = 5.60; P = 0.013, OR = 4.19), concurrent chronic diseases (P = 0.001, OR = 3.45; P = 0.092, OR = 7.81), limited access to health information (P = 0.004, OR = 0.49), and negative attitude towards seeking healthcare (P = 0.010, OR = 1.77; P = 0.009, OR = 2.75) were associated with MSDs in frontline workers. Female gender (P < 0.001, OR = 2.30), high education (P = 0.001, OR = 1.96), no exercises (P = 0.027, OR = 0.59), night-shift (P = 0.017, OR = 1.98), concurrent chronic diseases (P = 0.002, OR = 3.73; P = 0.020, OR = 13.42), limited access to health information (P = 0.013, OR = 0.53), far distance to medical institution (P = 0.009, OR = 1.83), and negative propensity (P = 0.009, OR = 1.94; P = 0.014, OR = 2.74) were associated with MSDs in other staffs.The prevalence of MSDs among industrial employees has changed. Frontline workers had different prevalence and risk factors for MSDs compared with other employees. Negative propensity to healthcare, limited ways to obtain health knowledge, and concomitant chronic diseases were associated with MSDs. Surprisingly, highly educated and high-income employees had a higher risk of MSDs.
Abstract Background To investigate the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and the trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and further to examine the association of age at smoking initiation and smoking cessation with CMM. Methods This study included 298,984 UK Biobank participants without cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) (including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart diseases, stroke, and hypertension) at baseline. Smoking status was categorized into former, current, and never smokers, with age at smoking initiation and smoking cessation as a proxy for current and former smokers. The multi-state model was performed to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and CMM. Results During a median follow-up of 13.2 years, 59,193 participants developed first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), 14,090 further developed CMM, and 16,487 died. Compared to former smokers, current smokers had higher risk at all transitions, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.59 (1.55 ∼ 1.63) vs. 1.18 (1.16 ∼ 1.21) ( P = 1.48 × 10 − 118 ) from health to FCMD, 1.40 (1.33 ∼ 1.47) vs. 1.09 (1.05 ∼ 1.14) ( P = 1.50 × 10 − 18 ) from FCMD to CMM, and 2.87 (2.72 ∼ 3.03) vs. 1.38 (1.32 ∼ 1.45) ( P < 0.001) from health, 2.16 (1.98 ∼ 2.35) vs. 1.25 (1.16 ∼ 1.34) ( P = 1.18 × 10 − 46 ) from FCMD, 2.02 (1.79 ∼ 2.28) vs. 1.22 (1.09 ∼ 1.35) ( P = 3.93 × 10 − 17 ) from CMM to death; whereas quitting smoking reduced the risk attributed to cigarette smoking by approximately 76.5% across all transitions. Reduced risks of smoking cessation were also identified when age at quitting smoking was used as a proxy for former smokers. Conclusions Cigarette smoking was associated with a higher risk of CMM across all transitions; however, smoking cessation, especially before the age of 35, was associated with a significant decrease in CMM risk attributed to cigarette smoking.
The information for pediatric use of medicinal products in current labelings is limited.One of the effective ways to solve the problem is to carry out clinical trials in pediatric population.The domestic guidelines on clinical trials of medicinal products in pediatric population are still under exploration.This article reviews the management regulations and operation procedures of European Union,the United States,and ICH on clinical trials of pediatric drugs,hoping to provide reference for researchers who are interested in pediatric clinical trials.
The county economy is very important in the overall economic development, so the county economic benefits more and more get the attention of government.With the rapid development of China's economy, the county economic efficiency and quality will become an important issue of economic research,therefore, the economic benefits of the district and county of Tianjin have become very meaningful.At first, we give a model for analyzing the county economic benefits by using generalized DEA theory in this paper，it reflects the economic benefit of the unit from five aspects.Then we calculate and analyze the economic benefits of various districts and counties in Tianjin from 2004 to 2103 by use above model.At the same time, we give a comparative study of the economic benefits of 16 districts in Tianjin.Finally, we find that most of the county's economic development benefits are showing a downward trend, we provide some suggestion on how to improve the economic benefits of Tianjin.
This paper examines the spatial innovation spillovers in different distance ranges in China. Results indicate that innovation spillovers do not decay with distance monotonously but appear to be a concave curve. Spatial innovation spillovers are superimposed effects, including both the positive effects of knowledge diffusion and the crowding‐out effects of innovation resources and market rivalry. We also confirm that the regional open innovation can positively regulate such spillovers. Regions with higher intensity of open innovation could gain more substantial benefits from innovation spillovers. These findings provide manifold policy implications for reducing the inequality of regional innovation capacity.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)