Abstract:
Introduction:
CoVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) pandemic has involved the whole globe and exposed the limitation of health care system of different countries. Although , different countries have introduced various modalities to protect both general population and health care provider to counter this world health crises but still lacked immensely leading to higher probability of contracting disease .We followed standard protocols and sharing our experience of 2688 cases. Physiological stress compromise immunity of patient result in increasing complications .We also determined rate of mortality and infection in covid and non- covid patients.
Methods:
Clinical data of 2688 patients was assessed retrospectively who underwent orthopaedics surgeries during the period of COVID-19 wave in Pakistan at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital in Lahore, between march 19 to June 30, 2020.Hospital protocol for Covid screening was followed including questionnaire soughting respiratory symtoms,travel history, contact history and investigations like CBC, CRP and chest radiography. HRCT and nasopharyngeal PCR swabs are only performed in highly suspicious patients.
Results:
Out of 92 highly suspicious patients ,71 came out to Covid-19 positive. Group A patients were significantly younger compared to group B (32.1±18.9 vs. 40.6±26.9, p value 0.008). There was male preponderance in both groups. Lower limb trauma constituted more than half of workload. Majority of patients were given spinal anaesthesia. Operative time was significantly higher in group B (p value <0.0001). Post-operatively, proportion of patients requiring admission to ICU was significantly higher for patients who were COVID positive (p-value 0.002). In 30 day post-operative period 3 (4.2%) COVID positive and 59 (2.3%) COVID negative patients died (p-value 0.22).
Conclusion:
In this retrospective surgical audit , mortality and complications were equivocal when Covid positive patients were matched with non Covid patients. Therefore ,it is suggested we should continue treating patients .However, protocols and necessary preventive measures should be followed.
The present study aimed to gain insight into the genetic origin of the Shina population from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. We partially performed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of healthy unrelated individuals of Shina tribe residing in the remote area of Gilgit-Baltistan to investigate their maternal lineages. The present study is the first report about Shina's genetic structure, origin, and relationship with the surrounding north-western Pakistani population. The mtDNA sequences of the Shina samples were compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) and the HVR-1 D-loop region was covered. The comparison with rCRS identified overall 38 haplotypes and 08 haplogroups for Shina samples. Among these haplotypes, 18 were shared by more than one individual of the Shina tribe. The obtained mtDNA sequences of Shina were compared with surrounding north-western Pakistani population groups, i.e. Kho, Kashmiri, and Pathan. The genetic diversity (i.e. 1.0424) and power of discrimination (i.e. 0.9266) of the Shina was found equivalent to surrounding north-western groups. The haplogroups frequencies, phylogenetic tree and network analysis identified the west Eurasian ancestral origin of Shina group with nearby maternal ancestral relationships with the Kashmiri population. However, no close genetic relationship of Shina was depicted with nearby residing Kho population group.
Proxy blind signcryption allow the original user/sender to give there signcryption ability to another entity called proxy. Thus the proxy signcrypter is blindly signcrypt the message on behalf of sender. We investigate that all the existing proxy blind signature and signcryption schemes was suffered from high computational cost and communication overhead. In this paper we designed and analyzed a proxy blind signcryption scheme based on hyper elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. Also the designed scheme is compared with existing scheme in terms of computational cost and communication overhead. Therefore the proposed scheme has low computational cost and overhead from previous schemes. The scheme is efficient and secure because of hyper elliptic curve cryptosystem.
Neuromedin S (NMS), a 36 amino acid peptide structurally related to neuromedin U, identified in rat brain as ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor FM4/TGR-1, also termed neuromedin U receptor type-2 (NMU2R). Its central expression is restricted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and involved in the regulation of dark light rhythms and suppression of food intake. Stimulatory role of NMS on hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis (HPG) is reported in rodents. Yet the potential contribution of NMS in the control of reproductive axis in higher primates remains unexplored. In the present study, the effect of peripheral administration of NMS on testosterone and cortisol secretion in the adult male rhesus monkey was evaluated. Four adult male Rhesus monkeys were used for this study. Three different doses of NMS (20nmol, 40nmol and 60nmol) were injected through a teflon cannula implanted in saphenous vein. Blood samples were collected 45 min before and 120 min after NMS administration at 15 min intervals. The plasma concentration of testosterone and cortisol were determined by using specific assay systems. The NMS induced testosterone secretion was significantly (P 0.05) difference was observed at 20nmol. NMS has stimulatory role in testosterone secretion whereas its effect was inhibitory on cortisol secretion. In conclusion, the present study suggests the involvement of neuromedin S in the regulation of hypothalamic pituitary gonadal and adrenal axis in non human primates.
<abstract><p>In this research study, some striking features of single-valued fixed point theorems on multiplicative metric spaces have been established. Our displayed work consists of some unique fixed point theorems under generalized contraction with maximum and minimum conditions. In support of our work, we demonstrate some illustrative examples to justify all the conditions of our main theorems. In addition, a nonlinear integral equation is presented as an application to express the validity of our work. The offered outcomes in this study extend and improve many of the results proved in recent decades.</p></abstract>
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