Pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD) comprises a group of skin conditions characterized by flat, nonpalpable petechiae and purpura as a result of capillaritis. Although the precise cause of PPD is as yet unknown, increased vascular permeability and capillary fragility are key factors in its pathophysiology. PPD has diverse clinical presentations, but the histopathology of all these variants essentially remains the same. The initial purpuric lesions develop a golden-brown hue owing to hemosiderin absorption and eventually progress to chronic pigmentary changes. These lesions, which often affect the lower limbs, are either asymptomatic or accompanied by moderate pruritus, and can be difficult to diagnose and treat. There are several subtypes of clinical presentations that have been documented over the years. In order to accurately diagnose PPD, a thorough clinical evaluation and, occasionally, a biopsy may be required. It is essential to identify the condition and reassure patients of its benign nature. Treatment is usually necessary due to the chronic nature of the condition, its consequences on physical and mental well-being, and the presence of significant lesions or itching. In this review, we outline the various prevalent PPDs and discuss their etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic and treatment modalities.
Background: Murraya koenigii, commonly known as karipatta or curry leaf, is analgesic and can be used effectively against inflammation and itching. The various pharmacological activities such as vasodilation, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiulcer, analgesic, phagocytic, and antioxidant activities of this plant have also been reported.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of aqueous extract of dried leaves of M. koenigii Linn. in male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (100–150 g body weight) were used in this study. Aqueous extract of M. koenigii Linn. was used to evaluate acute anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity by plethysmometer and hot plate method by oral administration at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg body weight in healthy albino rats.
Result: In acute studies, the aqueous extract showed anti-inflammatory activity by significant reduction in the paw edema volume, in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control and standard drug. Aqueous extract of M. koenigii Linn. significantly and dose-dependently reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhing and significantly increased the latency of paw licking in hot plate method. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA, followed by Turkey's test.
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of M. koenigii Linn. possesses both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in a dose-dependent manner.
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