Abstract Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease has been a major challenge faced by white shrimp farmers in many shrimp-producing countries inducing Indonesia. The etiological agent of this disease was a virulent strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus . However, a technology to treat or to prevent the disease infection has not been established yet, and probiont could be a potential approach for this disease. Thus, this study aimed at screening 35 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that originated from the gastrointestinal tract of wild white shrimp for the production of antivibrio compounds using an agar well diffusion. The result showed that three LAB strains (LAB-1, LAB-2, and LAB-3) showed antivibrio activity indicated by the formation of clearance zone (diameter of >10mm) on the diffusion agar plate. When the extracellular products (ECP) were incubated with proteinase K, the antivibrio activity was disappeared which indicated that the antimicrobial compounds were bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Phenotypic studies suggest that the LAB were Labctobacillus sp. (LAB-1 and LAB-2), and Enterococcus sp. (LB-3). These results suggest these LAB are potential candidates for preventing V. parahaemolyticus . Infection, although, further assays by in vivo using live white shrimp, are still required.
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a huge impact both in terms of health which has claimed many lives, as well as social and economic causes which have caused more than 25 million people to lose their jobs, paralyzed the tourism and MSME sectors due to social restriction policies and disrupted supply chains. After running for more than 2 years, signs of decreasing the spread of covdi along with the administration of vaccine doses 1, 2 and 3 to almost all people have slowly been given to almost all people, the government has begun to reopen the community's socio-economic activities with supervision and standards proportionally regulated health protocols. We then refer to this situation as the new normal situation. This study focuses on identifying challenges and opportunities for the tourism business in the new normal period, and discusses strategies that need to be implemented to face challenges and take advantage of tourism business opportunities in the new normal period. The method used is descriptive qualitative using content analysis and literature study approaches. Based on the results of the study, various strategies that need to be carried out can be short term which include providing assistance as a form of support to strengthen business actors in the tourism sector and affected MSMEs through various schemes and policy packages that have been carried out by the government, compiling and establishing SOPs for guarantee the security and safety of tourists through strict health protocol standards. Then for the medium term strategy is carried out by trying to collaborate with all groups in the development of the tourism sector and MSMEs through a pentahelic strategy between academics, business actors, government, society and the media. And the long-term strategy is to prepare a better and more fundamental system while continuing to map potential destinations by continuing to develop and maximize the potential of domestic tourists and prepare for the arrival of foreign tourists.
The increase in Bali cattle bone waste due to increased slaughter has become a severe societal problem because it will pollute the environment. If Bali cattle bone waste is appropriately processed, it will produce products with high nutritional and economic value, including gelatin. This research aimed to compare the yield, viscosity, and degree of acidity (pH) of bone gelatin from Bali cattle fed with lamtoro at different extraction temperatures. The gelatin from Bali cattle bone was produced under the influence of different extraction temperatures of 50; 60; and 70o C and each was repeated 4 times. The research method used was laboratory experimental. Data were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters observed were yield, pH, and viscosity. The results show that different extraction temperatures (50, 60, 70o C) had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on viscosity while a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on the degree of acidity (pH) and no significant effect (P > 0.05) to the yield. It can be concluded that a higher extraction temperature (70o C) will be accompanied by an increase in gelatin yield, but the extraction temperature of 60o C showed the maximum viscosity and acidity (pH) values
The aims of this study were to: analyze the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest in cross-study entrepreneurship program students, analyze the effect of knowladge entrepreneurship for attitude in cross-study entrepreneurship program students, and analyze the influence of attitudes on entrepreneurial interest in cross-study entrepreneurship program students. This research was a quantitative approach with descriptive research type. The subjects of this study were 101 students who had finished taking entrepreneurship courses across study programs. Techniques of collection data were carried out by interviewing and distributing questionnaires. The analyzed of data was used quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The tool of analiticall used was SEM (structural equation modeling) with AMOSS software programs. The results of this study were indicated: knowledge of entrepreneurship has a positive effect on interest in entrepreneurship in cross-study entrepreneurship program students, those were indicated by the value of the standardized regression weight coefficient obtained by 0.521 and the C.R value of 4.331 with a probability value of 0.000 (p 0.05), knowledge of entrepreneurship has a positive effect on attitude in cross-study entrepreneurship program students, those were indicated by the value of the standardized regression weight coefficient obtained by 0,464 and the C.R value of 3,834 with a probability value of 0.000 (p 0.05), and attitudes has a positive effect on interest in entrepreneurship in cross-study entrepreneurship program students. Those were indicated by the value of the standardized regression weight coefficient obtained by 0.333 and the C.R value of 2.517 with a probability value of 0.012 (p 0.05)
Animal products with high fat content are generally correlated with several human diseases including coronary heart disease, hypertension and arteriosclerosis. However, some unsaturated fatty acids are considered to have pivotal role in human health. As a consequence, many studies were conducted to reduce fat and increase some unsaturated fatty acid content in animal products. This study investigated the use of phytonutrition (duckweed) as feed ingredient on fat and fatty acids composition of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica L.) meat. Results showed that the use of 1% duckweed significantly increased the linoleic acid content of carcass while reducing the fat level. This result might suggest that duckweed can be used as an alternative feed ingredient to produce a healthy poultry meat.
<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most dangerous shrimp pathogen and give a very bad impact to the shrimp industry in many countries, including Indonesia. Furthermore, the vaccine usage is less effective since the local WSSV suspected to have some mutation and have differences in sequence from the one that used for recombinant vaccine production so far. Therefore, it is necessary to produce recombinant vaccine for immunization of local shrimp according to WSSV isolates from Indonesia. Viral protein 19 (VP19) is an important WSSV envelope proteins because of its involvement in the systemic infection of shrimp, so it can be developed as a recombinant vaccine. The objectives of this study are to obtain VP19-encoding gene of WSSV from Situbondo, Indonesia. This research conducted through several stages, DNA genome isolation of Penaeus monodon infected with WSSV, amplification of VP19-encoding gene, isolation of VP19-encoding gene, ligation of VP19-encoding gene into pGEM-T Easy vector, transformation to Escherichia coli, recombinant vector screening, vector isolation using mini preparation technique, vector verification, and sequencing. The result of cloning shows that the size of VP19-encoding gene from Situbondo isolates is similar to VP19-encoding gene from the abroad one, which is 366 bp. However, the sequence result shows that there are some differences on bases and amino acid. However, the result of sequencing shows there are difference of five base and three amino acid arranged VP19 sequence the Situbondo isolate with isolate from several countries. The similiarity of the Situbondo isolate sequence with the other isolate (from Indonesian and other countries) was only 98%. This difference indicates the importance of making a vaccine from a local WSSV genes especially Situbondo isolate.<br />Keywords: white spot syndrome virus, VP19, Penaeus monodon</p><p><br />ABSTRAK</p><p><br />White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) merupakan patogen yang paling serius menyerang udang windu dan telah menghancurkan industri udang windu di berbagai negara, termasuk di Indonesia. Penggunaan vaksin WSSV yang didesain berdasarkan isolat WSSV luar negeri kurang efektif karena diduga WSSV yang menyerang udang Indonesia telah mengalami mutasi dan memiliki perbedaan sekuen. Untuk itu, penggunaan isolat WSSV asal Indonesia, khususnya Situbondo sebagai cetakan dalam memproduksi vaksin rekombinan untuk imunisasi udang di Indonesia sangat perlu dilakukan. Viral protein-19 (VP19) merupakan protein pembungkus WSSV yang penting karena keterlibatannya dalam infeksi sistemik pada udang, sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai vaksin rekombinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gen penyandi protein permukaan VP19 virus WSSV isolat Situbondo. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah isolasi DNA genom udang windu yang terinfeksi WSSV, amplifikasi gen penyandi protein VP19, isolasi gen penyandi protein VP19, ligasi gen penyandi protein VP19 ke dalam plasmid pGEM-T Easy, transformasi plasmid, skrining plasmid rekombinan, isolasi plasmid dengan teknik mini preparation, verifikasi plasmid dan pengurutan. Hasil pengklonan menunjukkan bahwa ukuran gen penyandi protein VP19 isolat Situbondo sama dengan ukuran gen penyandi protein VP19 isolat asing yaitu 366 pb. Namun hasil pengurutan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan lima basa dan tiga asam amino penyusun sekuen VP19 isolat Situbondo dengan isolat dari beberapa negara lain. Kemiripan sekuen isolat Situbondo dengan isolat lain (dari Indonesia sendiri maupun dari negara-negara lain) hanya sebesar 98%. Adanya perbedaan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya pembuatan vaksin dari gen WSSV lokal khususnya isolat Situbondo.</p><p>Kata kunci: white spot syndrome virus, VP19, Penaeus monodon</p>
Abstract The recycling processes of aquaponic waste into fertilizers are highly dependent on the type and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the system. This study aims to find indigenous nitrifiers to enhance nutrient recovery in an aquaponics system. Twelve indigenous nitrifiers consisting of ammonia and nitrite‐degrading bacteria were isolated from a local earthen pond of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), and two isolates (AQ4 and AQ12) were selected due to their highest capacity to degrade either ammonia or nitrate respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, these isolates were identified as Marinobacter nauticus (AQ4) with 98.64% similarity, and Bacillus sp. (AQ12) with 99.89% similarity. When these bacterial isolates were applied in aquaponics systems with bacterial enhancement (aquaponics BE ), the nutrient recovery was significantly higher compared to the control (aquaponics ctrl ), indicated by a 500 g higher total harvested biomass. With a significance value of p < 0.05, aquaponics BE gives 17% higher crude fat and protein retention in vegetables while in fish 14% higher crude fat was found. Energy retention in vegetables was 23% higher than in the control. Furthermore, fish grew better in the aquaponics BE system, with 0.6%BW/day higher specific growth rate, and 0.05 better feed conversion ratio compared to that of fish reared in the control.
Abstract Microbes that produce phytase enzymes are needed for livestock and fisheries. Animal feed treated with phytase will increase the availability of minerals, amino acids, and energy. For this reason, it is essential to growing phytase-producing bacteria on alternative media that are cheap and easy to obtain. This study aims to determine the ability of some bacteria that produce phytase to grow on alternative media such as molasses and tempeh waste. The indicators used were the growth rate of several phytase-producing bacteria within 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours of culture. The results showed that some bacteria were able to grow on alternative media of tempeh and molasses waste, although slower than growth on commercial media (LB). For this reason, tempeh and molasses waste can be used as alternative media to grow phytase-producing bacteria to produce cheap probiotics for livestock and fisheries.
Protein rekombinan seperti vaksin, antibodi, hormon, dan obat-obatan, semakin dibutuhkan oleh ternak dan manusia. Hambatan utama untuk menghasilkan protein rekombinan pada Escherichia coli sebagai inang yang digunakan paling luas adalah degradasi oleh enzim proteolitik. Hal ini disebabkan karena E. coli memiliki sejumlah enzim proteolitik yang tersebar di dalam sitoplasmanya. Untuk itu, lebih dari 90% degradasi protein terjadi di dalam sitoplasmanya. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti telah menghasilkan mutant E. coli BW25113 yang tidak memiliki gen penyandi enzim protease dengan menggunakan kombinasi metode pengerusakan kromosom dan metode transduksi phage P1. Pembuatan mutan tersebut dimulai dengan pengerusakan gen penyandi enzim protease pada kromosom bakteri dengan produk PCR yang memiliki bagian yang homolog dengan gen target. Mutan-mutan yang dihasilkan kemudian digunakan untuk menghasilkan mutan ganda dengan metode Transduksi phage P1. Analisis fenotif dan genotif menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi kedua metode tersebut sangat efektif untuk membuat lebih dari satu mutasi pada E. coli. Untuk itu, mutan E. coli yang telah diperoleh akan sangat bermanfaat untuk menghasilkan aneka protein rekombinan untuk ternak dan manusia.
Abstract This study aimed to screen probiotic candidates for the capacity to degrade ammonia content in the manure of laying hens. Seven bacteria previously isolated from broilers’ intestine were assigned to a completely randomized design. A fresh culture of each bacterial isolate was cultured to reach optical density at OD 600 :0.5. One ml suspension was inoculated into 100 ml samples (2g manure diluted in 100 ml of sterilized distilled water) and incubated for three days. Ammonia concentrations in each sample were measured daily using Ammonium/Ammonia-Test sera ammonia kits . The results showed that the ammonia concentration in all bacteria-treated samples was significantly lower than ammonia content in control, P<0.05). The average amount of ammonia in the control was 1.00±0.44 mg/l, while isolate I 1 -treated sample was 0.03±0.00 mg/l, isolate I 2 0.02±0.00 mg/l, isolate I 3 0.02±0.00 mg/l, isolate I 4 0.04±0.01 mg/l, isolate I 5 0.04±0.01 mg/l, isolate I 6 0.02±0.01 mg/l and isolate I 7 0.05±0.00 mg/l. The best three ammonia degrading capacity among the seven isolates were I 2 , I 3 , and I 6 . Based on the phenotypical characteristics, these bacteria were identified as Nitrosomonas sp. (I2), Nitrosobolus sp. (I3), and Nitrosococcus sp. (I6). Therefore, these three bacteria were recommended for probiotic candidates in laying hen.
