Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, including in the Bali Province, Indonesia, a popular tourism destination area.The common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9939609 and rs1421085 of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been repeatedly reported as one of the important obesity genetic risk factors.We examined the associations of FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 SNPs with obesity in the 612 unrelated Balinese subjects living in urban and rural areas.Linear and logistic regression analyses with adjustment for age and gender were employed to investigate the association between FTO genotypes, haplotypes and obesity parameters.We found that the FTO SNPs genotypes increased BMI by 1.25 kg/m 2 (p = 0.012) for rs9939609 AA and 1.12 kg/m 2 (p = 0.022) for rs1421085 CC, particularly in females and in rural population.Subjects carrying these genotypes also showed a tendency to maintain high BMI, regardless of their age.Our result showed that the FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 risk alleles were associated with increased BMI and obesity in the Balinese.
Bali cattle have high adaptability, so the distribution area is spread across Indonesia. These studies aimed to determine the effect of environmental factors on physiology performance of Bali cattle in Buleleng district and Barru district. Skin and rectal temperature and respiration rate within a minute were measured in cattle across 5-days. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and light intensity were measured as environmental factors. Our findings suggest that environmental factors between the two districts were different (p<0.05), but the temperature and wind speed were not. In Buleleng, the relative humidity was 82.6 ± 1 4.4% and light intensity was 123.03 ± 24.83 kW/m2, whereas in Barru the relative humidity was 75.4 ± 12.6% and light intensity was 200.96 ± 25.11 kW/m2. Although both regions had different environmental conditions, the respiration rate of cattle was different between the two districts (p<0.05). Cattle respiration rate in Buleleng was 26-34 BPM, whereas in Barru it was 22-28 BPM. Our results indicate that the changes in environmental conditions affect changes in the cattle physiology profile in each district. Thus, Bali cattle have adaptability towards a variety of environmental conditions.
Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) is a group of fish that have the ability to live in waters that have a wide range of salinity values. Tilapia generally live in fresh waters in Indonesia. However, previous studies have shown that tilapia are able to live in brackish waters with a salinity value of 35 ppt. One of the factors that affect the tolerance ability is transferrin gene expression. There are several species of tilapia which cultivated in Indonesia, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis aureus, and Oreochromis mossambicus. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) also has several strains, such as GESIT, Red Nifi, Selfam, BEST, Chitra Lada, Umbulan, Putih, Nirwana, Limboto, and JICA. Transferrin gene profile from those species and variants of tilapia were not been identified. This study aims to identify transferrin gene profile from various species and strains of tilapia in Indonesia. The study was conducted using three species of tilapia and ten variants of nile tilapia. DNA samples were obtained from the caudal fin, which were extracted using Phenol Chloroform and Isoamyl Alcholol (PCI) methods. DNA samples were amplified, and then transferrin gene amplification was visualized using electrophoresis and then was sequenced. The result of this study show profile of transferrin gene from various species and variants of tilapia. The polymorphisms of the transferrin gene profile were also identified and were analyzed. The transferrin gene profile from those species and variants of tilapia will be useful for further research to develop molecular marker for transferrin gene in Indonesian tilapia.
This study aimed to measure the correlation between miR-183 and gene expression that regulates apoptosis and adhesion mechanism that may be linked to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Global warming that occurred over the last century led to the increase in surface temperature of the earth. The increase of the temperature affects the physiological adaptations of the organism. Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) is one of the native Indonesian cattle that have high adaptability in response to the changing of environmental conditions, such as the increase of temperature. The aim of this study is to understand the correlation between environmental conditions and physiological response of Bali cattle in Bogor district and West Sumbawa district. Environmental parameters from each location, which consist of air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity, were measured every hour. Physiological profiles such as body temperature, skin temperature, rectal temperature, and respiration rate within one minute were measured for five days in August 2016. The statistical analysis with Pearson Correlation test (p<0.05) showed that the physiological profiles of Bali cattle in Bogor district was affected by air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation, while the physiological profiles of Bali cattle in West Sumbawa district was affected by air temperature and wind speed. This result indicated that environmental conditions affect the physiological response of Bali cattle in both districts and Bali cattle have good adaptability to response the changing of environmental conditions.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) regulates several ovarian functions. However, the luteoprotective mechanisms of LH involved in the maintenance of bovine corpus luteum (CL) function are not well understood. Since prostaglandin F2α (PGF), PGE2 and progesterone (P4) are well documented as antiapoptotic factors in the bovine CL, we hypothesized that LH protects the CL by stimulating the local production and action of PGF, PGE2 and P4. Cultured bovine luteal cells obtained at the mid-luteal stage (days 8–12 of the estrous cycle) were treated with LH (10 ng/ml), onapristone (OP: a specific P4 receptor antagonist, 100 μM) and indomethacin [INDO; a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, 100 μM] for 24 h. LH with and without OP significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2, PGF synthase and carbonyl reductase (P<0.05) but not the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-1 and PGE synthase in bovine luteal cells. In addition, these treatments significantly increased PGF and P4 production (P<0.05) but not PGE2 production. Luteal cell viability was significantly increased by LH alone (P<0.05), but LH-increased cell viability was reduced by LH in combination with INDO as well as OP (P<0.05). The overall results suggest that LH prevents luteal cell death by stimulating luteal PGF and P4 production and supports CL function during the luteal phase in cattle.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Affected women usually have lower apoptotic rates of granulosa cells than unaffected women, resulting in lower oocyte quality. The Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), responsible for cell apoptosis, is low in women with PCOS, whereas the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 is increased. In addition, the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is also thought to suppress follicle apoptosis in the ovaries. This study evaluate whether the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio is correlated with the AMH serum level in women with PCOS. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on medical records from the Cipto Mangunkusomo's Hospital. Data from 20 women with PCOS and 20 control women who have undergone in vitro fertilization procedures were evaluated. The serum expression levels of AMH, Bax, and Bcl were also measured. This study found no differences between Bax or Bcl-2 levels or in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio between the PCOS and the control groups (p = 0.38, p = 0.233, and p = 0.31, respectively). The mean AMH serum level in the PCOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, when AMH levels and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratios were tried to be matched, there was no significant correlation (p = 0.71, r = −0.109). Serum levels of AMH are not significantly correlated to the mRNA expression levels of Bax or Bcl-2 in granulosa cells.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the inability to produce iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS). We genotyped exon 4 of the IDS gene in Indonesian patients with MPS II. To detect IDS gene mutations, DNA samples from 6 patients with MPS II and 49 normal individuals were analyzed with direct sequencing of exon 4. One novel mutation (c.489G>A) was identified in four of six patients. Protein analysis of these mutations revealed no amino acid sequence changes (silent mutation). Another 20 variations were found in normal individuals, including missense, nonsense, and silent mutations. The discovery of this novel mutation provides new mutational data for MPS II, whereas the identified variations strengthen the single nucleotide polymorphism database for the IDS gene. These mutation and variation data should be useful for identifying biomarkers for diagnosing MPS II.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II or Hunter syndrome) is a rare X-linked recessive disease caused mutation of the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). Deficient lysosomal degradation of the glycosaminoglycans dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate by mutant IDS leads to their accumulation in multiple tissues, causing progressive tissue hypertrophy (e.g., hepatosplenomegaly and macroglossia), various deformities, and narrowing of the respiratory tract among other symptoms. Here, we searched from additional IDS mutations in Indonesian patients to provide information for establishing associations with disease traits. Exon-specific PCR amplification and sequencing of IDS gene exon 6 were conducted on DNA samples from MPS II patients and healthy controls at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. A novel mutation in an Indonesian patient with MPS II was identified, a 14 bp insertion mutation (c.792_793insCCCCTGTGGCCTAC) in IDS gene exon 6 resulting in the amino acid changes p.Tyr264_X269insProLeuTrpPro and X269Thr. This novel mutation likely alters the structure and function of IDS. We are currently analyzing other IDS gene exons to identify additional mutations linked to IDS. Such studies will help clarify MPS II pathophysiology and may lead to novel treatment strategies.
