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Albert E. Barskey

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

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Paul A. Rota

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

William J. Bellini

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Gregory S. Wallace

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Jennifer S. Rota

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Chris Edens

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Carole J. Hickman

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Emily Abernathy

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Joseph P. Icenogle

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Hannah L. Kirking

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Mehran S. Massoudi

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Cooperative Institutions

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

World Health Organization

National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

Epidemic Intelligence Service

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

Emory University

Center for Global Health

Environmental Protection Agency

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Mumps resurgences in the United States: A historical perspective on unexpected elements

Albert E. Barskey John W. Glasser Charles W. LeBaron

Attack rate

10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.109

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Citations (144)

Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Chapter 9: Mumps

Amy Parker Fiebelkorn Albert E. Barskey Carole J. Hickman William J. Bellini

Mumps vaccine

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Citations (6)

Comparison of the Sensitivity of Laboratory Diagnostic Methods from a Well-Characterized Outbreak of Mumps in New York City in 2009

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology (2013)

Jennifer S. Rota Jennifer B. Rosen Margaret K. Doll Rebecca J. McNall Marcia McGrew

ABSTRACT A mumps outbreak in upstate New York in 2009 at a summer camp for Orthodox Jewish boys spread into Orthodox Jewish communities in the Northeast, including New York City. The availability of epidemiologic information, including vaccination records and parotitis onset dates, allowed an enhanced analysis of laboratory methods for mumps testing. Serum and buccal swab samples were collected from 296 confirmed cases with onsets from September through December 2009. All samples were tested using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) capture IgM enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) that targets the short hydrophobic gene. A subset of the samples ( n = 205) was used to evaluate 3 commercial mumps IgM assays and to assess the sensitivity of using an alternative target gene (nucleoprotein) in the rRT-PCR protocol. Among 115 cases of mumps with 2 documented doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, the CDC capture IgM EIA detected IgM in 51% of serum samples compared to 9% to 24% using three commercial IgM assays. The rRT-PCR that targeted the nucleoprotein gene increased RNA detection by 14% compared to that obtained with the original protocol. The ability to detect IgM improved when serum was collected 3 days or more after symptom onset, whereas sensitivity of RNA detection by rRT-PCR declined when buccal swabs were collected later than 2 days after onset. Selection of testing methods and timing of sample collection are important factors in the ability to confirm infection among vaccinated persons. These results reinforce the need to use virus detection assays in addition to serologic tests.

Parotitis

Mumps virus

Buccal swab

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine

10.1128/cvi.00660-12

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Trends in the Risk of U.S. Polio Outbreaks and Poliovirus Vaccine Availability for Response

Public Health Reports (2012)

Kimberly M. Thompson Gregory S. Wallace Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens Philip J Smith Albert E. Barskey

Objectives. The United States eliminated indigenous wild polioviruses (WPVs) in 1979 and switched to inactivated poliovirus vaccine in 2000, which quickly ended all indigenous live poliovirus transmission. Continued WPV circulation and use of oral poliovirus vaccine globally allow for the possibility of reintroduction of these viruses. We evaluated the risk of a U.S. polio outbreak and explored potential vaccine needs for outbreak response. Methods. We synthesized information available on vaccine coverage, exemptor populations, and population immunity. We used an infection transmission model to explore the potential dynamics of a U.S. polio outbreak and potential vaccine needs for outbreak response, and assessed the impacts of heterogeneity in population immunity for two different subpopulations with potentially low coverage. Results. Although the risk of poliovirus introduction remains real, widespread transmission of polioviruses appears unlikely in the U.S., given high routine coverage. However, clusters of un- or underimmunized children might create pockets of susceptibility that could potentially lead to one or more paralytic polio cases. We found that the shift toward combination vaccine utilization, with limited age indications for use, and other current trends (e.g., decreasing proportion of the population with immunity induced by live polioviruses and aging of vaccine exemptor populations) might increase the vulnerability to poliovirus reintroduction at the same time that the ability to respond may decrease. Conclusions. The U.S. poliovirus vaccine stockpile remains an important resource that may potentially be needed in the future to respond to an outbreak if a live poliovirus gets imported into a subpopulation with low vaccination coverage.

Herd Immunity

Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine

Poliomyelitis eradication

10.1177/003335491212700104

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Patterns and Trends of Newly Diagnosed HIV Infections Among Adults and Adolescents in Correctional and Noncorrectional Facilities, United States, 2008–2011

American Journal of Public Health (2015)

Albert E. Barskey Aruna Surendera Babu Ángela Hernández Lorena Espinoza

We aimed to determine whether the patterns and trends of HIV infections newly diagnosed within correctional and noncorrectional facilities differ.We classified persons newly diagnosed with HIV infection in the United States between 2008 and 2011 (n = 181,710) by correctional and noncorrectional facilities where diagnoses were first made, and stratified by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, transmission category, and diagnosis year.An estimated 9187 persons were newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 2008 to 2011 while incarcerated, representing approximately 5.1% of the 181,710 HIV infections diagnosed in the United States during this period. Of these incarcerated persons, 84% were male, 30% were aged 30 to 39 years, 59% were Black/African American, and 51% of the men had been exposed through male-to-male sexual contact. Yearly numbers of diagnoses declined by 9.9% in correctional versus 0.3% in noncorrectional facilities. The percentage with a late HIV diagnosis was significantly lower in correctional than in noncorrectional facilities (prevalence ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval = 0.49, 0.55).Initial HIV diagnosis occurred sooner after HIV infection onset in correctional than in noncorrectional settings, pointing to the need for efficient referral systems after release.

10.2105/ajph.2015.302868

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Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Child of Woman without Known Risk Factors

Samantha I. Pitts Gregory S. Wallace Barbara Montana Elizabeth F. Handschur Debrah Meislich

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No evidence of mumps transmission during air travel, United States, November 1, 2006–October 31, 2010

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease (2012)

Kailey R. Nelson Karen J. Marienau Albert E. Barskey Christopher Schembri

Contact tracing

Notifiable disease

Disease Control

Air travel

10.1016/j.tmaid.2012.06.003

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Herd immunity and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A quantitative model

Michael Haber Albert E. Barskey Wendy Baughman Lawrence Barker Cynthia G. Whitney

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Herd Immunity

Pneumococcal infections

10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.088

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Citations (88)

Rapid response to Ebola outbreaks in remote areas - Liberia, July-November 2014.

Francis Kateh Thomas Nagbe Abraham Kieta Albert E. Barskey Alex Gasasira

West Africa is experiencing its first epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola). As of February 9, Liberia has reported 8,864 Ebola cases, of which 3,147 were laboratory-confirmed. Beginning in August 2014, the Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), supported by CDC, the World Health Organization (WHO), and others, began systematically investigating and responding to Ebola outbreaks in remote areas. Because many of these areas lacked mobile telephone service, easy road access, and basic infrastructure, flexible and targeted interventions often were required. Development of a national strategy for the Rapid Isolation and Treatment of Ebola (RITE) began in early October. The strategy focuses on enhancing capacity of county health teams (CHT) to investigate outbreaks in remote areas and lead tailored responses through effective and efficient coordination of technical and operational assistance from the MOHSW central level and international partners. To measure improvements in response indicators and outcomes over time, data from investigations of 12 of 15 outbreaks in remote areas with illness onset dates of index cases during July 16-November 20, 2014, were analyzed. The times to initial outbreak alerts and durations of the outbreaks declined over that period while the proportions of patients who were isolated and treated increased. At the same time, the case-fatality rate in each outbreak declined. Implementation of strategies, such as RITE, to rapidly respond to rural outbreaks of Ebola through coordinated and tailored responses can successfully reduce transmission and improve outcomes.

Case fatality rate

Christian ministry

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Health Care-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease: Surveillance Data from 20 States and a Large Metropolitan Area—United States, 2015

Open Forum Infectious Diseases (2017)

Elizabeth Soda Albert E. Barskey Priti Shah Laura A. Cooley

Legionnaires’ disease (LD), a severe pneumonia, is typically acquired through inhalation of aerosolized water containing Legionella bacteria. Certain individuals are at higher risk for LD such as those aged ≥50 years, those with chronic diseases, or the immunosuppressed. Legionella infections may be more likely to occur in health care facilities due to exposure of vulnerable patient populations. The number of U.S. health care-associated LD cases is not well established. We aimed to describe reported health care-associated LD cases in order to emphasize the importance of Legionella prevention and response efforts within health care facilities. Using national surveillance data, we characterized confirmed LD cases from 20 U.S. states and one large metropolitan area that reported exposure information for >90% of 2015 Legionellainfections. We assessed whether cases were health care-associated, defining definite association as hospitalization or long-term care facility residence for the entire 10 days before illness onset, and possible association defined as exposure to a health care facility for part of those 10 days. All other LD cases were considered unrelated to health care. Of the 21 jurisdictions, 16 (76%) reported definite health care-associated cases (1–21 case[s] per jurisdiction). Of 2,809 confirmed LD cases reported by these 21 jurisdictions, 85 (3%) were definite and 468 (17%) were possible health care-associated cases. Among definite health care-associated cases, the majority (n = 75, 88%) occurred in persons ≥60 years old, and exposures occurred at 72 facilities (15 hospitals and 57 long-term care facilities). The case fatality rate was 25% for definite and 10% for possible health care-associated LD. LD continues to occur as the result of water exposures within U.S. health care facilities. The high case fatality rate of health care-associated LD underscores the need for effective prevention and response efforts. Healthcare providers, health care facility leaders, and public health staff are essential to this process. Implementation and maintenance of water management programs, combined with rapid case identification and investigation, could reduce the number of health care-associated LD cases. All authors: No reported disclosures.

Legionella

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.478

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