Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative approach in healthcare, enabling collaborative training of machine learning models across decentralized institutions without sharing sensitive patient data. This method addresses critical concerns related to data privacy and security, particularly in compliance with regulatory frameworks such as HIPAA and GDPR. The application of FL in medical image classification, exemplified by a case study in Shenzhen, demonstrates its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy while preserving patient confidentiality. However, challenges remain, including the limited availability of annotated data, issues of data heterogeneity, and scalability concerns. Ethical considerations such as informed consent, data privacy, and accountability are also significant when implementing FL in healthcare settings. Despite these challenges, FL's ability to harness data from multiple sources while protecting privacy opens new avenues for collaborative medical research and the development of more accurate predictive models, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
To evaluate the impact of health education with children popular oral science short drama on 10-year-old children's oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and provide evidence for oral health education methods for children.A oral health education short drama for children was filmed. 10-year-old children from a primary school in Minhang district, Shanghai were selected as the study subjects. The groups were asked to watch the drama on campus at enrollment and the first month for health education. Self-made questionnaires were used to conduct corresponding oral health KAP surveys at the time of enrollment, the first month and the sixth month. The survey results were compared using SPSS 21.0 software package for t test and Chi-square test, to compare the changes in oral health KAP scores and the accuracy of each question before and after oral health education.One hundred and seventy-four children were followed-up. Before the intervention, the subjects' oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were (21.02±12.54), (74.48±19.87), (31.90±22.39), and (57.05±17.56), (85.06±14.97), (55.03±29.32) at the first month; and (71.76±16.27), (91.49±12.40), (73.99±27.46) at the 6th month, respectively. Compared with those before the intervention, significant increases were observed (P<0.001). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in KAP scores between different genders, but there were significant differences in knowledge and behavior scores at 1 and 6 months after intervention between different genders(P<0.05).School oral health education through children oral science short drama has a good effect on improving the knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health care for 10-year-old children, and it is more effective when repeat.
Objective To present a latest procedures for portal hypertension with preliminary results and evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of the portacaval shunt creation through percutaneous transhepatic approach with its potential clinical significance. Methods Nineteen patients with portal hypertension (17 men; mean age 57 years, range 32-73) were referred for PTPS procedure because of bleeding varices ( n =16), intractable ascites ( n = 2), and hepatopulmonary syndrome ( n =1). The severity of liver disease was Child's B in 4 and Child's C in 15. The PTPS was created by a percutaneous transhepatic puncture through left portal vein to the IVC and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) stent-grafts was placed through a transhepatic approach. Results Technical and functional successes were achieved in all patients-arerage without any procedure-related complications. The postprocedural portal vein-IVC gradients decreased with a mean 13 cmH_2O and with average 216 days of follow-up showing no recurrent variceal bleeding and refractory ascites. The primary patency ratefor 365 days was 94.8%, obviously higher than classical TIPS. Conclusions Portacaval shunt creation using the percutaneous transhepatic technique is secure and feasible with favorable primary patency due to the a straight line shunt construction and provide a good alternative to the standard portosystemic shunt in difficult or impossible circumstances.
The isolation and culture of putative epidermal stem cells by way of enzyme-digesting and direct-tissue-culturing from mouse,goat,milk cow and pig were conducted in this study.Results indicated that enzyme-digesting was more suitable for the isolation of mouse epidermal stem cells which self-differentiated into neural cells after two passages of in vitro culturing while cells from goat and cow lived more vigorously and maintained longer characteristics of epidermal stem cells than those from mouse and pig either by enzyme-digesting or tissue-culturing.Epidermal stem cells from goat were selected by collagen Ⅳ,cultured in serum-containing medium,identified by immunocytochemical staining and could be subcultured to at least passage nine but the cells grew weaker as the passage continued.
Since 1999, the "Grain for Green" Program has been extensively implemented in the Loess Plateau region. This measure has largely been of concern not only for its contribution to soil erosion reduction but also for its effects on carbon sequestration. The aim of this study was to assess the carbon sequestration characteristics of different restored vegetation types in areas with severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and to compare the effects of restoration age and slope direction on the vegetation carbon sequestration. To evaluate the carbon density and composition characteristics of different ecosystem types, six typical vegetation types (including farmland, grassland, Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Caragana korshinskii Kom., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus davidiana Dode.) were selected in the Loess Hilly Region, i.e., Wuqi County and Zhidan County in Northern Shaanxi province, which is a typical area for the implementation of artificial vegetation restoration. The results showed that:① vegetation restoration in the semi-arid loess region had a profound impact on carbon sequestration. The carbon density of different vegetations, as well as different vegetation components including above-ground vegetation, below-ground roots, and litter, shared the same pattern as tree>scrub>grassland>farmland. The 0-40 cm soil layer of the farmland showed the lowest soil organic carbon density (1355.5 g·m-2), compared to which those of grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. were higher by 91.4%, 125.2%, 144.0%, 124.5%, and 232.6%, respectively. ② It was common in grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., and P. davidiana Dode. for the carbon density of different vegetation components as well as soil organic carbon density of different soil layers (0-5, 5-20, and 20-40 cm) to generally show an increasing trend with increased restoration age. ③ Slope direction had a significant impact on the vegetation carbon density only for H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode., while showing the contrary for farmland and grassland. Soil organic carbon densities for sunny slopes were significantly lower than those for shaded slopes by 22.9%, 34.3%, 75.8%, 49.1%, 22.4%, and 69.4%, respectively, for farmland, grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. ④ Ecosystem carbon density varied significantly for different ecosystem types, among which farmland showed the lowest (2022.1 g·m-2), and grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. showed values higher by 48.7%, 152.8%, 125.1%, 166.3%, and 530.7%, respectively. The carbon density of each ecosystem component showed a pattern as follows:soil layer>above-ground vegetation layer>root layer>litter layer. Soil organic carbon constituted the main part of the ecosystem carbon density and accounted for 67.0%, 86.3%, 59.7%, 72.7%, and 56.5%, respectively, for farmland, grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., and R. pseudoacacia L. These results can provide an essential basis for scientific management of ecosystem carbon pools and promote ecological environment management on the Loess Plateau.
The authors seek to help international medical graduates thrive by offering reflections on the perspectives of key stakeholders and discussions of IMGs' personal and professional experiences.
Background Prostacyclin is an important vasoprotective molecule. It inhibits platelet aggregation, monocyte interaction with endothelium, and smooth muscle cell lipid accumulation. Vascular cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is the rate-limiting step in prostacyclin synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether adenovirus-mediated transfer of COX-1 could restore COX-1 activity, augment prostacyclin synthesis, and prevent thrombus formation in a porcine carotid angioplasty model. Methods and Results Human COX-1 cDNA driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter was constructed into a replication-defective adenovirus 5 vector by homologous recombination. Recombinant adenovirus without a foreign gene (Ad-RR) and buffer were included as controls. Recombinant Ad-LacZ was used for marking the transfected cells in vivo. In the in vitro experiments, cultured human endothelial cells (ECs) and porcine arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were incubated with Ad-COX-1 for 2 hours and 6-keto-PGF 1α level and the transgene expression were determined 72 hours after infection. In the in vivo experiments, recombinant adenoviruses were directly instilled into angioplasty-injured porcine carotid arteries for 30 minutes. Cyclic flow changes were monitored for 10 days and thrombus formation was examined histologically thereafter. Transgene expression and prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ) synthesis by the injured arteries were determined. Cultured ECs infected with Ad-COX-1 produced a fivefold to eightfold increase in PGI 2 , and the transgene expression in cultured porcine SMCs was demonstrated by Northern analysis. Direct administration of Ad-COX-1 at a dose of 3×10 10 pfu completely inhibited carotid cyclic flow changes and thrombus formation accompanied by a fourfold increase in PGI 2 synthesis by the injured arteries 10 days after infection, whereas Ad-COX-1 at a lower dose, 5×10 9 pfu, had no antithrombotic effects when compared with Ad-RR vector and buffer controls. Conclusions Adenovirus-mediated transfer of COX-1 to angioplasty-injured carotid arteries was efficacious in augmenting PGI 2 synthesis and was associated with an inhibition of thrombosis when a relatively high titer of adenovirus was instilled.
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