Iain Murray

Curtin University

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Co-Authors

Azadeh Nazemi

NYU Langone Health

David A. McMeekin

Curtin University

H. L. Armstrong

United States Department of Labor

Nimsiri Abhayasinghe

Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

Anuradha Jayakody

Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

César Ortega-Sánchez

Curtin University

Siavash Khaksar

Curtin University

Yi Han

Curtin University Sarawak

Lakmal Rupasinghe

Curtin University

Kiing Ing Wong

Curtin University Sarawak

Cooperative Institutions

Curtin University

Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

University of Western Australia

Curtin University Sarawak

University of Liverpool

Weatherford College

University of Dundee

Edith Cowan University

CRC for Spatial information

University of Moratuwa

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E-Learning for the Vision Impaired: A Holistic Perspective

International Conference Internet Studies (2012)

Ruchi Permvattana H. L. Armstrong Iain Murray

Problems faced by vision impaired students are different from those experienced by sighted students. Most e-learning environments are designed for sighted students, utilising complex visual images and interactive features. Unfortunately students with acute vision impairments are not able to utilise these features and must rely on applications with basic conversion facilities to translate the contents of screen displays and documents into forms that are accessible. Learning environments for people with physical disabilities need specific considerations in design and implementation to ensure their appropriateness and accessibility. This paper initially discusses specific problems faced by students with acute vision impairments and how e-learning environments need to address these problems in order for the student to achieve the same learning outcomes as sighted students. A brief outline of the research method undertaken is described. A model describing a comprehensive and holistic approach to e-learning environment design and development is then presented.

Source

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Software Defined Networking challenges and future direction: A case study of implementing SDN features on OpenStack private cloud

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (2016)

Veeramani Shamugam Iain Murray John A. Leong Amandeep S. Sidhu

Cloud computing provides services on demand instantly, such as access to network infrastructure consisting of computing hardware, operating systems, network storage, database and applications. Network usage and demands are growing at a very fast rate and to meet the current requirements, there is a need for automatic infrastructure scaling. Traditional networks are difficult to automate because of the distributed nature of their decision making process for switching or routing which are collocated on the same device. Managing complex environments using traditional networks is time-consuming and expensive, especially in the case of generating virtual machines, migration and network configuration. To mitigate the challenges, network operations require efficient, flexible, agile and scalable software defined networks (SDN). This paper discuss various issues in SDN and suggests how to mitigate the network management related issues. A private cloud prototype test bed was setup to implement the SDN on the OpenStack platform to test and evaluate the various network performances provided by the various configurations.

Networking hardware

Live migration

Private network

Virtual network

10.1088/1757-899x/121/1/012003

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Citations (19)

Reconfigurable PDA for the Visually Impaired Using FPGAs

Zhang Xuan César Ortega-Sánchez Iain Murray

Curtin University Brailler (CUB) is a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for visually impaired people. Its objective is to make information in different formats accessible to people with limited visual ability. This paper presents the design and implementation of two modules: a print-to-Braille translation system and a Braille keyboard controller. The translator implements Blenkhornpsilas algorithm in hardware, liberating the microprocessor to perform other functions. The Braille keyboard controller along with a low cost keyboard provides users with a note-taking function. These modules are used as intellectual property (IP) cores coupled to a 32-bit MicroBlaze processor in an embedded system-on-a-chip (SoC). The system is a potential platform for the development of embedded systems to assist the visually impaired.

Braille

MicroBlaze

Microprocessor

10.1109/reconfig.2008.62

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Evaluating Cisco e-learning Courses Modified for the Vision Impaired

H. L. Armstrong Iain Murray Ruchi Permvattana

The needs of vision impaired students are quite different to sighted students. The increasing use of e-learning means higher education must move to multi-modal user interfaces in order to make e-learning materials accessible to all students. E-Learning materials (particularly in the sciences and technology) are predominantly visual, presented via computer keyboard and screen. Software and devices designed to aid the vision impaired are unable to decipher most images and visual- centric objects contained in e-learning materials. This paper discusses a project undertaken over the past two years to modify the content and presentation of Cisco certification e-learning courses to enable accessibility by vision impaired and blind students. These modifications necessitated rewriting the learning materials so they could be effectively presented via multi-modal user interfaces to vision impaired students, involving speech, audio, haptics and force-feed devices and methods. Evaluation of sections of the project by the vision impaired students using a model based upon Stufflebeam's CIPP model and Kirkpatrick's Four-Level training program evaluation model has been carried out and the results are presented.

Presentation (obstetrics)

E-Learning

10.1109/ithet.2006.339759

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Multiple moving speaker tracking via degenerate unmixing estimation technique and Cardinality Balanced Multi-target Multi-Bernoulli Filter (DUET-CBMeMBer)

Nicholas Chong Shanhung Wong Ba-Tuong Vo Nordholm Sven Iain Murray

The "cocktail party problem" has always been a challenging problem to solve and many blind source separation algorithms have been proposed as solutions. This problem has mainly been discussed for non-moving sound sources but it still remains for moving sound sources and high acoustic reverberations. The ability to localise and track multiple moving speakers is a pre-requisite to solving this problem. The aim of this paper is to show that a combination of Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique and a Cardinality Balanced Multitarget Multi-Bernoulli Filter provides a viable way to track multiple sound sources and subsequently address the problem of sound separation for moving targets.

Cardinality (data modeling)

Tracking (education)

Separation (statistics)

10.1109/issnip.2014.6827608

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A method to implement DAISY online delivery protocol

Azadeh Nazemi Iain Murray David A. McMeekin

Digital Accessible Information System format (DAISY) is designed for vision impaired users to access to electronic document. The purpose of this project is creating a reliable and free one-way audio link over the Internet to provide low-cost DAISY format transmission, which support vision impaired users to access and listen DAISY books as audio stream through the link. By connecting to this link, clients can save desired files on their own device as much as they listen and they do not have to download entire DAISY book. This paper describes a method to implement the protocol between user station premises and remote broadcasting library server contains DAISY books. The method explains audio signal streaming from one computer to another, by using free open source software.

Download

10.1109/tssa.2014.7065907

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Mathematical formula recognition andtransformation to a linear formatsuitable for vocalization

Azadeh Nazemi Iain Murray

Students with vision impairment encounter barriers in studying mathematics particularly in higher education levels. They must have an equal chance with sighted students in mathematics subjects. Making mathematics accessible to the vision impaired users is a complicated process. This accessibility can be static or dynamic, in static accessibility the user is presented with a representation of the entire mathematic expression passively such as using Braille, dynamic accessibility allows the user to navigate the mathematical content in accordance with its structure interactively such as audio format[1]. MATHSPEAK is an application that accepts objects described in LaTeX and converts it to a linear or sequential representation suitable for vocalization, describing functions to people with severe vision impairment. MATHSPEAK provides interactive dynamic access to mathematic expressions by rendering them to audio format. This paper describes a method to create plain text from images of mathematical formulae and convert this text to LaTeX which is used in the earlier developed algorithm, “MATHSPEAK”.

Braille

Representation

Source

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A cisco education tool accessible to the vision impaired

John Hope Brian R. von Konsky Iain Murray Louis Chew B. Farrugia

This paper describes iNetSim, a universally accessible network simulator, created to allow vision-impaired and sighted users to complete Cisco Certified Network Associate level two (CCNA 2) laboratory sessions. Previously, software used in the CCNA course was not accessible to those with impaired vision because it utilized images of network topology. These images were incompatible with screen reader software. In contrast, iNetSim is assessable by blind and vision impaired users, in addition to those with normal vision. It is based on Mac OS X Tiger, an operating system with an integrated screen reader called VoiceOver.

Impaired Vision

Screen reader

Machine Vision

10.1145/1168987.1169032

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Citations (12)

Multiple sound source tracking and identification via degenerate unmixing estimation technique and cardinality balanced multi-target multi-bernoulli filter (DUET-CBMeMBer) with track management

Nicholas Chong Shanhung Wong Sven Nordholm Iain Murray

In Source Separation research, "cocktail party problem" is a challenging problem that research into source separation aims to solve. Many attempts have been made to solve this complex problem. A logical approach would be to break down this complex problem into several smaller problems which are solved in different stages - each considering various aspects. In this paper, we are providing a robust solution to a part of the problem by localizing and tracking multiple moving speech sources in a room environment. Here we study the separation problem for unknown number of moving sources. The DUET-CBMeMBer method we outline is capable of estimating the number of sound sources as well as tracking and labelling them. This paper proposes a track management technique that identifies sound sources based on their trajectory as an extension to the DUET-CBMeMBer technique.

Tracking (education)

Cardinality (data modeling)

Identification

Source Separation

Separation (statistics)

10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041731

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Application of Inertial Measurement Units and Machine Learning Classification in Cerebral Palsy: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Siavash Khaksar Huizhu Pan Bita Borazjani Iain Murray Himanshu Agrawal

BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (CP) is a physical disability that affects movement and posture. Approximately 17 million people worldwide and 34,000 people in Australia are living with CP. In clinical and kinematic research, goniometers and inclinometers are the most commonly used clinical tools to measure joint angles and positions in children with CP. OBJECTIVE This paper presents collaborative research between the School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences at Curtin University and a team of clinicians in a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving children with CP. This study aims to develop a digital solution for mass data collection using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and the application of machine learning (ML) to classify the movement features associated with CP to determine the effectiveness of therapy. The results were calculated without the need to measure Euler, quaternion, and joint measurement calculation, reducing the time required to classify the data. METHODS Custom IMUs were developed to record the usual wrist movements of participants in 2 age groups. The first age group consisted of participants approaching 3 years of age, and the second age group consisted of participants approaching 15 years of age. Both groups consisted of participants with and without CP. The IMU data were used to calculate the joint angle of the wrist movement and determine the range of motion. A total of 9 different ML algorithms were used to classify the movement features associated with CP. This classification can also confirm if the current treatment (in this case, the use of wrist extension) is effective. RESULTS Upon completion of the project, the wrist joint angle was successfully calculated and validated against Vicon motion capture. In addition, the CP movement was classified as a feature using ML on raw IMU data. The Random Forrest algorithm achieved the highest accuracy of 87.75% for the age range approaching 15 years, and C4.5 decision tree achieved the highest accuracy of 89.39% for the age range approaching 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Anecdotal feedback from Minimising Impairment Trial researchers was positive about the potential for IMUs to contribute accurate data about active range of motion, especially in children, for whom goniometric methods are challenging. There may also be potential to use IMUs for continued monitoring of hand movements throughout the day. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12614001276640, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=367398; ANZCTR ACTRN12614001275651, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=367422

Inclinometer

10.2196/preprints.29769

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