Starch-based bioplastic was more economical and competitive compared to bacteria-based bioplastics (polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates) due to the starch variances and the availability in Indonesia, along with the simple techniques that can be applied. This review aimed to describe the potential and opportunities of edible canna starch as an alternative raw material of bioplastics production. Edible canna tuber productivity in Java, Indonesia, with a harvest age of about eight months reaches 30-49.4 tons/ha. It will produce a mature segment 70.2% of the total harvest weight. Edible canna tuber was a carbohydrate source that contains 88.10% starch with an advantage of 68% higher fiber and mineral content than other tubers. Furthermore, canna tuber starch contains amylose proportions of 35.0%. The high amylose content in canna starch is one of the properties that can position its function for developing packaging materials. The gelatinization process of canna starch requires a short time and low energy because of its large granule size (56 μm). A literature review of canna starch as an alternative of bioplastic raw materials needs to be carried out to obtain accurate data and information regarding treatment, use of additional materials, and characteristics of bioplastic products resulting from experimental studies so that they can be further implemented.
The production of Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (commonly known as baby kai-lan) with nutrient film technique can generally be performed in a relatively short period to get a high selling value of products. This study aims to determine the effect of several types of nutrients and growing media applications on the productivity and quality of baby kailan products. The research involves two test variables (nutrition and planting media) with three variations of plant nutrition and four kinds of growing media. The physical and morphological analysis results provide information on leaf width parameters. Concerning medium, perlite shows the best average yield in each plant variation. Regarding nutrients, product “Z” nutrition has the most substantial influence on the growth of the object of research. The physical and morphological tests show that the average number of leaves in almost all treatments is seven. However, the highest average number of leaves is achieved by treatments using perlite and hydroton growing media with planting nutrients “Z”. The edible weight of the harvest test shows that the treatment combination of perlite and nutrient “Z” has the highest average, i.e., 59 g per plant.
Abstract Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of Indonesia's highest-export fishery commodities. Capture fisheries are dominated by fishermen with low productivity, efficiency, and income levels. There is a high-profit disparity between upstream and downstream actors, where fishermen get the lowest profit. This study aims to identify the causes of profit disparities between supply chain actors and propose a supply chain model to solve the profit disparity problem. The supply chain actors observed were fishermen, mini plants, processing companies, and exporters of blue swimming crab. Determining variables that affect profit gain based on the business activities of the supply chain actors of blue swimming crab was carried out. The conceptual model was made using the Soft System Methodology (SSM). The analysis result showed that the causes of profit disparity were the vast number of fishermen, lack of product value understanding, minimum capital and access to capital, awareness of fishing gear utilization, and the individual fisherman's work system. The conceptual model of the blue swimming crab supply chain proposed consists of the formation of fishing groups, coordination between fishing groups and Perum Perindo, collaborating with Pokja and fishing groups, and increasing collaboration between all supply chain actors of blue swimming crab. Keywords: blue swimming crab, fishermen, Soft System Methodology, supply chain Abstrak Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan ekspor tertinggi di Indonesia. Usaha ikan tangkap didominasi oleh para nelayan dengan tingkat produktivitas, efisiensi, serta pendapatan yang rendah. Disparitas keuntungan yang tinggi terjadi antara pelaku rantai pasok dari hulu dan hilir. Nelayan memperoleh keuntungan paling rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi penyebab disparitas keuntungan antara pelaku rantai pasok dan mengusulkan model rantai pasok sebagai solusi permasalahan disparitas keuntungan. Pelaku rantai pasok yang diamati adalah nelayan, mini plant, perusahaan pengolah rajungan, dan eksportir. Identifikasi variabel yang memengaruhi perolehan keuntungan berdasarkan aktivitas bisnis pelaku rantai pasok rajungan. Model konseptual dibuat menggunakan Soft System Methodology (SSM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penyebab disparitas keuntungan adalah jumlah nelayan yang sangat banyak, pemahaman yang kurang terhadap nilai produk, modal dan akses permodalan yang minimum, kesadaran dalam penggunaan alat tangkap yang aman, dan sistem kerja nelayan yang masih dilaksanakan secara individu sehingga nelayan menerima keuntungan yang paling kecil di antara pelaku rantai pasok dari hulu dan hilir. Model konseptual rantai pasok rajungan yang diusulkan adalah pembentukan kelompok nelayan, koordinasi antara kelompok nelayan dan Perum Perindo, kolaborasi antara Pokja dan kelompok nelayan, dan meningkatkan kolaborasi antara seluruh pelaku rantai pasok rajungan. Kata kunci: nelayan, rajungan, rantai pasok, Soft System Methodology
Desa Patihan, Desa Keyongan, Desa Sambangan, dan Desa Moropelang merupakan 4 Desa di Kabupaten Lamongan Jawa Timur dengan potensi komoditas pertanian. Sorgum ditanam oleh masyarakat sebagai solusi kondisi lahan pertanian yang bersifat tadah hujan. Seiring dengan beralihnya musim tanam, potensi tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan keberhasilan panen dari petani yang terus mengalami penurunan produksi sejak tahun 2021-2023 akibat serangan hama tikus, serangga, dan penurunan kesuburan tanah. Dalam rangka menanggulangi serangan hama tikus dan serangga, dibuatlah program pengabdian masyarakat berupa pembuatan dan sosialisasi pestisida alami dari Buah Maja (Aegle marmelos) bagi petani serta penanaman tanaman Refugia di sekitar lahan pertanian. Selain itu, dilaksanakan program pembuatan dan sosialisasi limbah pertanian dan limbah organik rumah tangga yang berguna sebagai pupuk organik lahan pertanian. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi dan alternatif solusi penanganan hama sekaligus pengelolaan lingkungan pertanian sehat dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan ramah lingkungan. Beberapa indikator yang digunakan mengukur peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat diantaranya: pemahaman mengenai manajemen tanaman sehat, pupuk organik dan pestisida alami; pemanfaatan limbah organik dan limbah rumah tangga; metode pengolahan pestisida organik; dan pengetahuan mengenai bunga refugia. Dari hasil program pengabdian masyarakat diketahui adanya peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai program manajemen tanaman sehat sebesar 35% dibandingkan sebelum dilaksanakannya program.
Abstract Bioplastics were produced by mixing starch with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) during the manufacturing process. The physical characteristics of the bioplastics were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus tests were utilized to assess the mechanical characteristics of bioplastics. The bioplastic with the highest tensile strength was BP3 (7.03 ± 0.341 N/mm²), whereas BP0 had a tensile strength of 1.57 ± 0.111 N/m². The addition of CMC increased the viscosity of the solution and, consequently, the strength of the bioplastic. The range of bioplastic hydrophobicity was approximately 128.32% to 323.74%. FTIR, XPS, and XRD indicated that the physical mixing utilized during synthesis did not result in the addition of functional groups other than the native functional groups of the substances since no chemical reaction occurred. The thermal behavior investigation revealed that increasing the amount of CMC added to TPS can increase the presence of O-H functional groups in bioplastics, contributing to an increase in the glass transition temperature. Furthermore, both bioplastics broke down at approximately 250°C.
Self-cooling material usually uses synthetic or employ harmfull chemicals. Nanocellulose from bacterial culture composited with CaCO3 and ZnO is proposed to overcome the limitation. Bacterial nanocellulose was prepared via kombucha fermentation. Obtained bacterial nanocellulose was bleached using H2O2 to remove impurities. The bleached bacterial nanocellulose exhibited a nanofiber shape and a cellulose I crystalline structure with a crystallinity of 44.3%. The fiber diameter was approximately 92.51±21.46 nm. Bleached bacterial nanocellulose had a higher nanocellulose content than unbleached bacterial nanocellulose. The bleached bacterial cellulose was composited with CaCO3 and ZnO particles to form randomly distributed particles. The composite decreases sample temperature as high as 3.8°C and 3.7°C for CaCO3 and ZnO composites, respectively.
Nanofiber through electrospinning process has been developed as a promising material for wound dressing due to its large porosity and high surface area. This characteristic of nanofiber provides an adequate gas permeability surrounding the wound which prevents the healing failure. The best wound dressing not only maintain a wound to have a good gas permeability but also to have an active agent giving an antibacterial and antiinflammation property. This research aims to combine a synthetic polymer and active agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Bassela rubra linn leaf extract (BRLE), become nanofibrous material. The electrospinning process was conducted in two steps. The first step is to obtain the best voltage of PVP electrospinning by using the voltage of 10, 12, 15, 17 kV. The other step is combining PVP to 2%, 5%, 8% of BRLE. The first step shows the best operation condition is using 12 kV. Hence, it is used to obtain nanofiber with different BRLE percentage. Based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the result indicates that increase the BRLE composition will rise the antioxidant activity because of the smaller diameter size.
The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg –1 to 4 993 kCal kg –1 . The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.
