Introduction Manipulation of the equine ilium and sacrum is utilised to assess range of motion at the SIJ . Motion of the ilium and sacrum during manual force application to the equine pelvis has been measured previously in vitro. The aim of this study was to measure the amount and direction of motion in vivo including comparison of bone fixated and skin mounted sensors. Methods Orientation sensors were skin‐mounted over tuber sacrale ( TS ) and 3rd sacral spinous process ( SP ) of six standing T horoughbred horses. Orientations of each TS and sacrum were recorded by one investigator during six trials of manual force applied to the pelvis, inducing cranial, caudal and oblique rotations. The study was repeated with the sensors mounted onto pins implanted into TS and SP . Mean values were reported in Euler angles for the three orthogonal planes lateral bend ( LB ), flexion‐extension ( F‐E ) and axial rotation ( AR ). Correlation between skin and bone fixated markers (Spearman R) was determined with significance set at P<0.05. Results The largest mean values recorded during rotations applied to the pelvises were for F ‐E (2.08 ± 0.35 o ) with bone fixated sensors. Axial rotation gave the largest values recorded with skin‐mountings (1.70 ± 0.48 o ). There was poor correlation between skin‐mounted and bone implanted markers. Conclusions Bony kinematics during external movement applied to the pelvis cannot be predicted from skin‐mounted sensors, due to differences between skin‐ and bone‐mounted sensors. Manipulation of the equine pelvis can be expected to produce motion in the plane of F ‐ E , but axial movement should be interpreted with caution due to the potential effects of skin motion. Ethical Animal Research E thical approval for animal use was obtained by the institutional animal ethics committee ( U niversity of Q ueensland). Sources of funding: R ural I ndustries R esearch and D evelopment C ouncil, A ustralia. Competing interests: none.
Summary Background: A proportion of people with rheumatoid arthritis use diet as a form of therapy for their condition. This study aimed to investigate the specific actions these people take with regard to diet and the nutrient composition of these specialized diets. The effects that these habits have on nutritional status have also been discussed. Methods: An ex‐ post facto study was completed with subjects being recruited from an arthritis self‐help group by means of a postal questionnaire. Fifty‐four subjects responded to the questionnaire and 25 of these went on to complete a 3‐day diet diary. These subjects were divided into two study groups: those who believed that diet had some effect on their condition or symptoms and those who believed it had no effect. Results: Food avoidance and supplementation were the most common dietary habits reported by people with rheumatoid arthritis, with 50% of respondents reporting supplementation and 67% food avoidance. The nutrient intakes of the two study groups differed significantly, with the ‘diet‐believers’ generally having a more nutrient‐dense, well‐balanced, healthier diet than the group who did not believe diet had any effect. Conclusion: There is much concern regarding nutritional guidelines for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Individuals who have an interest in diet and nutrition and believe it affects their condition appear to have a more nutrient‐dense, well‐balanced, healthier diet than those who do not have any such belief.
Information regarding movement at the ilium and sacrum in nonlame horses during normal gait may assist in understanding the biomechanics of the equine sacroiliac joint.To determine the amount and direction of motion at the ilium and sacrum using 3D orientation sensors during walk and trot in sound Thoroughbreds. To compare results from sensors fixed to the skin with results from sensors fixed to bone-implanted pins.Three 3D wireless orientation sensors were mounted to the skin over the tuber sacrale (TS) and sacrum of 6 horses and motion at the ilium and sacrum was recorded for lateral bending (LB) flexion-extension (F-E) and axial rotation (AR) during walk and trot. This process was repeated with the orientation sensors mounted to the same pelvic landmarks via Steinmann pins.Mean walk values were greater than trot values using pin-mounted sensors for all planes of movement (P < 0.05). Walk had 1.64 ± 0.22° (mean ± s.e.) more LB than trot (pin-mounted) yet 0.68 ± 0.22° less than trot when skin-mounted; 3.45 ± 0.15° more F-E (pin- and skin-mounted), and 4.99 ± 0.4° more AR (pin-mounted), but trot had 3.4 ± 0.40° more AR than walk with skin mounting. Using pinned sensors for trot resulted in less LB (2.47 ± 0.22°), F-E (1.12 ± 0.15°) and AR (10.62 ± 0.40°); and for walk less F-E (1.12 ± 0.15°) and AR (2.15 ± 0.40°) compared to skin-mounted. Poor correlation existed between mean values for skin- and pin-mounted data for walk and trot, for all planes of motion.Movements were smaller at trot with bone-fixated sensors compared to walk, suggesting increased muscular control of movement at the trot. The apparent increase in skin motion at the trot and no clear correlation between skin- and bone-mounted sensors indicates inaccuracies when measuring sacral and iliac movement with skin mounting.
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