David L. Coffin

United States International Trade Commission

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D. E. Gardner

Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates

Lalita D. Palekar

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Donald E. Gardner

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Frederick J. Miller

The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences

Earl J. Blommer

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Philip M. Cook

University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School

Michael D. Waters

Waters (United States)

Robert S. Holzman

Harvard University Press

Judith A. Graham

American Chemistry Council

Jeff Horowitz

United States International Trade Commission

Cooperative Institutions

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Environmental Protection Agency

Harvard University

IIT Research Institute

Duke University

United States International Trade Commission

National Institutes of Health

University of Rochester

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Duke University Hospital

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Cryptococcosis in the cat: a second case.

PubMed (1953)

J Holzworth David L. Coffin

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Citations (11)

Chronic Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide

Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal (1973)

James D. Fenters John C. Findlay Curtis D. Port R. Ehrlich David L. Coffin

Squirrel monkeys continuously exposed to 1 ppm of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 493 days were challenged five times with monkey-adapted influenza A/PR/8/34 virus. All monkeys exposed to NO2 produced serum neutralization antibody within 21 days after virus infection, whereas only one control monkey exposed to filtered air showed comparable response. The differences observed in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers, body temperatures, respiratory functions, body weights, and hematological values between the experimental and control monkeys were not significant. Histopathologic examination of lung tissues indicated slight emphysema and thickened bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium only in monkeys exposed to NO2 and challenged with the influenza virus. Transmission election microscopic examination did not disclose any ultrastructural changes that could be attributed to the experimental exposures.

Nitrogen dioxide

10.1080/00039896.1973.10666324

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Role of time as a factor in the toxicity of chemical compounds in intermittent and continuous exposures. part II. effects of intermittent exposure

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (1977)

David L. Coffin D. E. Gardner Г И Сидоренко M. A. Pinigin

Because of fluctuations in levels of industrial air pollution linked to weather and other factors, a joint U.S.‐Soviet research team studied differences in the effect of time in exposures of air‐breathing animals to controlled varied concentrations of air pollutants. An experimental model environment was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen dixoide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and benzene (C6H6) in the air environment of laboratory animals, with both continuous and intermittent exposures. For intermittent exposures the investigators used amounts of toxic gases whose cumulative total equaled the total in the continuous exposures, and intercalated the intermittent exposures with periods of nonpolluted air. To equal the cumulative total concentration of the single continuous exposures over an equal time period, the concentrations of toxic gases were necessarily greater in the intermittent exposures. Part I of this work deals with the effects of continuous exposure to C6 H6 on the central nervous system and blood. Toxic effects of continuous exposure to various concentrations of C6H6 were found involving the central nervous system and blood. The time‐effect relationships could be approximated on a log‐log scale by straight lines. Similar results were obtained with SO2. Using different parameters to measure toxicity, similar results were obtained with NO2 —namely, concentration‐time relationships that when plotted on a log‐log scale gave straight lines. Part II concerns the toxicities of Intermittent exposures to C 6 H 6 and NO2; three parameters were used. The toxic effects of NO2 with intermittent exposure were not reduced as was the case with C6H6. Data are presented to show that intermittent exposure to NO2 may be more toxic than continuous exposure when short‐term peaks of NO2 concentrations are involved.

Inhalation exposure

10.1080/15287397709529616

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Citations (23)

Correlation of in vitro and in vivo methods by means of mass dose and fiber distribution for amosite and fibrous ferroactinolite.

Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

David L. Coffin Lalita D. Palekar Philip M. Cook

Oncogenesis and in vitro data (reported elsewhere in detail) are compared on the basis of relative activity by mass and by dimensional fiber parameters. When tumor induction is compared to the number of fibers of various lengths and aspect ratios in the dose in rats to the degree of tumor induction, a degree of difference with the long thin fiber concept of tumorigenesis by mineral fibers is noted. Consistency is re-established, however, when cognizance is taken of the change in the length and aspect ratio that took place during residence in the lung. This change resulted in a severalfold excess for ferroactinolite of all fiber lengths with high aspect ratios, produced as a result of longitudinal splitting of the introduced fibers. The response by mass in the in vitro procedures did not mimic oncogenesis. When mass was so adjusted that there were an equal number of mineral fibers, aspect ratio greater than 3, for dose for the two minerals, agreement was closer in both the rabbit alveolar macrophage toxicity test and the clonal cytotoxicity assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. When activity was related to the number of mineral fibers, the same aspect ratio computed to have been contained in the mass dose, agreement with the relative induction of lung tumors was closer. In all cases, erythrocyte lysis was more active in reflecting the number of mineral fibers.

10.1289/ehp.835149

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Citations (5)

An Air Quality Data Analysis System for Interrelating Effects, Standards, and Needed Source Reductions: Part 5. N0₂Mortality in Mice

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association (1979)

Ralph I. Larsen Donald E. Gardner David L. Coffin

Mice have been exposed for durations of 6 min to 1 yr to N02 concentrations of 0.5 to 28 ppm. Exposed mice and control mice have then inhaled an aerosol containing a lung pathogen and the excess mortality of exposed mice (compared with control mice) has been determined. A mathematical model (similar to a previously-developed model for vegetation injury) has been developed from an analysis of the resulting data to calculate expected excess mortality as a function of N02 concentration and exposure duration. Excess mortality was found to be proportional to N02 concentration multiplied by exposure duration raised to the 0.33 power. The concentration (c) expected to cause a certain mortality level (z), as a function of the hours of exposure (t), can be expressed as c = 9.55(2.42) zt0-33 The model has been used to calculate expected excess mortality (1.1 %) if mice had inhaled the ambient N02 concentrations measured in downtown Chicago for each hour of 1974 (1 yr arithmetic mean of 0.05 ppm, the same as the present national ambient standard). N02 affects mice much more than it affects men. If men were exposed to the N02 dosages studied here, increased morbidity rather than increased mortality would be expected.

Dose

10.1080/00022470.1979.10470768

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Citations (10)

Health effects investigation of oil shale development

W.H. Griest M.R. Guerin David L. Coffin

Environmental and health issues must be addressed as an integral part of synfuels technology development. To this end, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, Department of Defense (US Navy), the American Petroleum Institute, Development Engineering, Inc., and the Standard Oil Company are cooperating in an interagency matrix approach investigation of the potential health effects associated with the production and refining of shale oil into jet and diesel fuels. Groups of biologists, ecologists, and chemists in laboratories across the nation are involved in this multidisciplinary research effort. This volume is a record of the findings to date as presented at the symposium, Health Effects Investigation of Oil Shale Development, held at Gatlinburg, Tennessee, June 23-24, 1980. The progress summarized here illustrates the success of the matrix approach and suggests that other materials and technologies can be similarly studied. Separate abstracts have been prepared of each item for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.

Energy development

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Citations (20)

Relative Intrinsic Potency of Asbestos and Erionite Fibers: Proposed Mechanism of Action

Springer eBooks (1991)

David L. Coffin Andrew J. Ghio

10.1007/978-1-4684-1363-2_8

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Citations (4)

Digital computer modeling for estimating mine-drainage problems

David L. Coffin John Bredehoeft

Many ground water problems may be solved if the response of an aquifer system to known hydrologic stresses can be predicted. If the spatial distribution of the aquifer diffusivity and the aquifer boundary and initial conditions can be described, then the digital computer may be used to solve numerically the partial differential equations of flow. Using digital modeling techniques the pumpage necessary to drain an oil-shale mine in northwestern Colorado is predicted. The alternating direction implicit numerical procedure is used to solve the flow equations. These numerical methods treat the aquifer as nonhomogeneous and anisotropic and decrease the transmissivity as the aquifer is unwatered. The results indicate that it will be necessary to pump and dispose of rather large quantities of brine.

Aquifer test

Slug test

Digital computer

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Chromosomal changes associated with tumorigenic mineral fibers

Lalita D. Palekar John F. Eyre David L. Coffin

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of mineral fiber-induced rat pleural mesotheliomas. Cell lines were established in vitro from 6 chrysotile- and 7 erionite-induced rat pleural mesotheliomas. Each cell line was composed of several cell populations that were heterogeneous in their chromosome make-up, but a predominant cell population was readily recognizable in each cell line based on chromosome number. The cell lines were characterized by either aneuploid or pseudodiploid cells with chromosome modal numbers ranging from 40-92. Karyotype analyses revealed a heterogeneous display of chromosome rearrangements. Each cell line had unique abnormalities. No recurrent abnormality could as yet be associated with either chrysotile or erionite-induced mesothelioma cells. However, frequent anomalies of chromosome No. 1 suggest chromosome No. 1 involvement in the pathogenesis of rat pleural mesotheliomas.

Chromosome abnormality

Chrysotile

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Citations (8)

Augmentation of sulfate ion absorption from the rat lung by heavy metals

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (1977)

Jeffrey M. Charles Donald E. Gardner David L. Coffin Daniel B. Menzel

10.1016/s0041-008x(77)80038-0

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Citations (6)