The greatest problem in the Fe(II)/H2O2 Fenton reaction is the low production of ·OH owing to the inefficient Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle and the low decomposition efficiency of H2O2 (<30%). Herein, we report a new discovery regarding the significant co-catalytic effect of WS2 on the decomposition of H2O2 in a photoassisted Fe(II)/H2O2 Fenton system. With the help of WS2 co-catalytic effect, the H2O2 decomposition efficiency can be increased from 22.9% to 60.1%, such that minimal concentrations of H2O2 (0.4 mmol/L) and Fe2+ (0.14 mmol/L) are necessary for the standard Fenton reaction. Interestingly, the co-catalytic Fenton strategy can be applied to the simultaneous oxidation of phenol (10 mg/L) and reduction of Cr(VI) (40 mg/L), and the corresponding degradation and reduction rates can reach up to 80.9% and 90.9%, respectively, which are much higher than the conventional Fenton reaction (52.0% and 31.0%). We found that the expose reductive W4+ active sites on the surface of WS2 can greatly accelerate the rate-limiting step of Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion, which plays the key role in the decomposition of H2O2 and the reduction of Cr(VI). Our discovery represents a breakthrough in the field of inorganic catalyzing AOPs and greatly advances the practical utility of this method for environmental applications.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on sulfate radicals (SO4•-) are superior route for water treatment comparing to traditional AOPs, owing to their higher selectivity, longer half-life, and tolerance to wider pH range. To find an efficient source of SO4•-, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) molecules are widely used, which could be activated by the catalytic Fe(II) ions in traditional AOPs. However, this SO4•- -based catalytic activation method suffers from low conversion rate of Fe(III) to Fe(II), requires a large amount of catalytic Fe(II) ions, and produces a large amount of iron sludge as waste, which significantly limit its practical application for pollutants treatment. Herein, we show that by using molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) as a co-catalyst, the rate of Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling reactions in the PMS system accelerated significantly, with a reaction rate constant 48 times that of conventional PMS/Fe(II) system. Our results showed outstanding removal efficiency (98%) of organic pollutant in 10 min with extremely low concentration of Fe(II) (0.036 mM), outperforming most reported SO4•--based AOPs systems. Additionally, MoO2 showed excellent stability and efficiency for wide range of pH values, recyclability for multiple activation cycles, practicality for removal of other organic compounds such as phenol and methylene blue. Surface chemical analysis combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrated that both Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling and PMS activation occurred on the (110) crystal plane of MoO2, while the exposed Mo4+ on the MoO2 surface are responsible for the co-catalyzing of iron ions to activate the PMS radicals. Considering its performance, low cost, and non-toxicity, using MoO2 as a co-catalyst in SO4•--based AOPs is a promising technique for large-scale practical environmental remediation.
In this study, a 3D salient object detection model is built at the acquisition step in the full-color holographic system, and a deep network architecture U2-reverse attention and residual learning (RAS) algorithm is proposed for salient object detection to obtain more efficient and accurate point cloud information. In addition, we also use the point cloud gridding method to improve the hologram generation speed. Compared with the traditional region of interest method, RAS algorithm, and U2-Net algorithm, the computational complexity is significantly reduced. Finally, the feasibility of this method is proved by experiments.
Abstract Background: Bile acids not only play an important role in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, but also have anti-apoptosis and neuroprotective effects. However, few studies have focused on the relationship of TBA levels with the severity and prognosis of AIS. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential associations of admission fasting serum TBA levels with stroke severity, in-hospital complication incidence and 3 -month all-cause mortality in patients of AIS. Methods: A total of 777 AIS patients were finally enrolled in this study and divided into four groups according to the quartiles of serum TBA levels on admission. Results: Patients in group Q3 had the lowest risk of severe AIS (NIHSS > 10) regardless of the adjustments for confounders ( P < 0.05). During hospitalization, 115 patients (14.8%) had stroke progressed (NIHSS score increased by ≥ 2), and 222 patients (28.6%) developed at least one complication, with no statistical difference among the four groups ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), seizures and renal insufficiency (RI) among the four groups ( P > 0.05). A total of 114 patients (14.7%) died from various causes (including in-hospital deaths) at 3-month follow-up, respectively 42 (21.3%), 26 (13.3%), 19 (9.9%) and 27 (13.9%) in groups Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 with statistical difference ( P = 0.013). After adjustments for confounding factors, the risk of death decreased ( P -trend < 0.05) in groups Q2, Q3, and Q4 progressively compared with group Q1, with OR values of 0.36 (0.16-0.80), 0.30 (0.13-0.70), and 0.29 (0.13-0.65), respectively. Conclusions: TBA level presents no significant association with the severity of stroke and incidence of complications in patients of AIS, but negatively correlates to the risk of death within 3 months of onset.
Abstract 3D‐MoS 2 can adsorb organic molecules and provide multidimensional electron transport pathways, implying a potential application for environment remediation. Here, we study the degradation of aromatic organics in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) by a 3D‐MoS 2 sponge loaded with MoS 2 nanospheres and graphene oxide (GO). Exposed Mo 4+ active sites on 3D‐MoS 2 can significantly improve the concentration and stability of Fe 2+ in AOPs and keep the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ in a stable dynamic cycle, thus effectively promoting the activation of H 2 O 2 /peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The degradation rate of organic pollutants in the 3D‐MoS 2 system is about 50 times higher than without cocatalyst. After a 140 L pilot‐scale experiment, it still maintains high efficiency and stable AOPs activity. After 16 days of continuous reaction, the 3D‐MoS 2 achieves a degradation rate of 120 mg L −1 antibiotic wastewater up to 97.87 %. The operating cost of treating a ton of wastewater is only US$ 0.33, suggesting huge industrial applications.
Chronic immunopathology contributes to the development of heart failure after a myocardial infarction. Both T and B cells of the adaptive immune system are present in the myocardium and have been suggested to be involved in post-MI immunopathology.
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