Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots connected by organic or inorganic molecules can form periodic supercrystals. These supercrystals can be used for various types of electronic and optical applications with properties superior to those of random quantum dots and organic polymer mixtures. We have used ab initio calculations to study the charge transport and carrier mobility in such supercrystals. Among the different possible charge transport mechanisms, we found that the phonon-assisted hopping is the most likely mechanism. The calculated carrier mobility agrees well with the experimentally measured results. Our predictions of the size and temperature dependences on the mobility are awaiting experimental confirmation.
A conductive polymer is developed for solving the long-standing volume change issue in lithium battery electrodes. A combination of synthesis, spectroscopy and simulation techniques tailors the electronic structure of the polymer to enable in situ lithium doping. Composite anodes based on this polymer and commercial Si particles exhibit 2100 mAh g−1 in Si after 650 cycles without any conductive additive. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electron transport through quantum-dot (QD) cascades was investigated using the formalism of nonequilibrium Green's functions within the self-consistent Born approximation. Polar coupling to optical phonons, deformation potential coupling to acoustic phonons, as well as anharmonic decay of longitudinal optical phonons were included in the simulation. A QD cascade laser structure comprising two QDs per period was designed and its characteristics were simulated. Significant values of population inversion enabling lasing in the terahertz frequency range were predicted, with operating current densities being more than an order of magnitude smaller than in existing terahertz quantum-well-based quantum-cascade lasers.
A theoretical model of electron transport in quantum cascade lasers subjected to a magnetic field is developed. The Landau level electronic structure was calculated from the envelope-function Schr\"odinger equation within the effective-mass approximation. The electron transport in a magnetic field was modeled using the self-consistent rate-equation description for the full period of the cascade and its interaction with adjacent periods. The scattering processes included in the model are electron--longitudinal-optical-phonon, electron--longitudinal-acoustic-phonon, and electron-electron scattering. All these processes show oscillatory behavior with magnetic field, and their interplay determines the electron transport and the output characteristics of quantum cascade lasers in magnetic field. The model was applied to investigate the influence of magnetic field on the performance of a $\mathrm{GaAs}∕\mathrm{AlGaAs}$ quantum cascade laser emitting at $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\approx}11.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{m}$ [P. Kruck et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3340 (2000)]. The calculated results show good overall agreement with the available experimental data.
We performed ab initio calculations of temperature dependent electronic structure of inorganic halide perovskite materials. The band gaps obtained for cubic structure of these materials are in good agreement with available experimental results.
We developed an ab-initio multiscale method for simulation of carrier transport in large disordered systems, based on direct calculation of electronic states and electron-phonon coupling constants. It enabled us to obtain the never seen before rich microscopic details of carrier motion in conjugated polymers, which led us to question several assumptions of phenomenological models, widely used in such systems. The macroscopic mobility of disordered poly(3- hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer, extracted from our simulation, is in agreement with experimental results from the literature.
We present a symmetry-based method for the efficient calculation of energy levels in hexagonal GaN/AlN quantum dots within the framework of a k·p model. The envelope functions are expanded into a plane wave basis on a hexagonal lattice and the group projector method is used to adapt the basis to exploit the symmetry, resulting in block diagonalization of the corresponding Hamiltonian matrix into six matrices and classification of the states by the quantum number of total quasi-angular momentum. The method is applied to the calculation of the electron and hole single-particle states in a quantum dot superlattice. The selection rules for absorption of electromagnetic waves in the dipole approximation are established and the intraband optical absorption matrix elements are found. Good agreement with the available experimental data on intraband optical absorption is found.
Electron mobility in the conduction band of II-VI semiconductors ZnSe, CdTe, ZnTe, and CdSe was studied. Temperature dependence of mobility was calculated using the methodology based on density functional theory calculations of the electronic states, phonon modes, and electron-phonon coupling constants, along with Fourier-Wannier procedure for interpolation to a dense grid in momentum space. The mobilities obtained from calculations within generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory overestimate the experimental mobility several times. The calculation that used improved electronic band structure and high-frequency dielectric constants obtained using a hybrid functional lead to a very good agreement with experimental mobilities for most of the materials studied. It was also found that the Fr\"ohlich model provides a reasonably good estimate of mobilities around room temperature where longitudinal optical phonons provide the dominant scattering mechanism, as expected for these direct gap materials where all relevant electronic states are in the vicinity of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point. The results indicate as well that the long-ranged part of electron-phonon interaction fully determines the electron mobility in the materials studied. For this reason, the approach where only this part of electron-phonon interaction is calculated using the relevant analytical formulas allows for accurate calculation of mobility without the use of the interpolation procedure for electron-phonon coupling constants.
A theoretical investigation is performed in order to understand the origin of change of the operating wavelength of quantum dots-in-a-well photodetectors when the well width is varied. The energy levels and wave functions were found using the eight-band strain dependent k∙p model and the intraband optical absorption spectrum was calculated in the dipole approximation within the framework of first order perturbation theory. It was found that the pure effect of changes of well width cannot be responsible for the shifts of the peaks observed in experiment [Raghavan et al., J. Appl. Phys. 96, 1036 (2004)], which are therefore ascribed to unintentional changes in dot dimensions.