The regularities of obtaining silver nanoparticles in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone, which was both a reductant and a stabilizer of nanoparticle dispersion, have been studied. The influence of such factors as temperature, polyvinylpyrrolidone amount, concentration and nature of silver salts on the shape and size of nanoparticles has been established. The chemistry of the silver salts and polyvinylpyrrolidone reaction with the formation of vinylsuccinimide units in the structure of macromolecules has been proposed, which is confirmed by the results of IR spectroscopy. It has been established that the shape and size of silver nanoparticles are influenced by the silver salt nature. If silver nitrate is used for the reduction reaction, silver nanoparticles are formed mainly in the form of triangular prisms and polyhedra. When using silver acetate, nanoparticles of spherical shape are predominantly formed. High-quality nanoparticles are formed if the mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone : silver salt is more than 20. The decrease in this ratio deteriorates the stabilization of the formed nanoparticles and increases the particle size of silver until the formation of nanocrystals several hundred nanometers in size. The kinetics of silver salts and polyvinylpyrrolidone reaction has been studied in a solution. The reaction was found to occur faster with increasing temperature and the polyvinylpyrrolidone amount. Silver reduction reaction by polyvinylpyrrolidone was used to provide fungibactericidal properties of hydroxyapatite-filled osteoplastic porous composites based on polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers with methacrylic esters.
Introduction. The priorities of the development of Ukraine’s separate regions are considered taking into account the newest factors of the economy’s functioning. The role of historical preconditions, globalization and regionalization of social life, scientific and technological revolution, the specialization of individual regions in the clustering of business networks is specified. Migration threats that limit the potential of innovative development of individual regions are outlined. The importance of foresight of certain types of economic activity in the formation of a new look of regions is emphasized. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the role of modern IT clusters and cluster strategies in providing foresight of Ukraine's economy at the regional level. Method of theoretical analyses is used. Results The modern perspectives of the clustering of the domestic IT industry network in the context of integrating a cluster model into the overall economic course of the country and the internationalization of cluster initiatives are overviewed. The comparison of the readiness of regional IT clusters of Ukraine to a new role within the framework of the development of the National Strategy for Cluster Development, which, taking into account the experience of European countries, should reflect the key principles of their creation and development, as well as the definition of subjects of the state cluster policy is carried out. On the basis of content analysis of the site information, the chances of Lviv IT cluster’s entry into the program “Internationalization of Clusters of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)”, implemented under the COSME program (European Small and Medium-sized Business Support Program), which Ukraine joined in 2016, are demonstrated. Originality. This article makes it possible for readers to be aware of the tricks of Ukrainian problems in the field of regional IT clusters, as well as the development possibility of a state taking into account contemporary changes of the civilization. Conclusion. At present, the domestic IT sector demonstrates the territorial asymmetry of development. At the same time, in recent years, actively liquidates organizational, institutional and other gaps in the body of the nation-wide network of objects of the IT industry. An especially promising breakthrough in the region's economy is the Lviv IT cluster, which is actively moving towards achieving all eight criteria of the European integration component of state target programs. These issues should be focused on the formation of a new strategy for the region's development for the coming years - an organic component of the true foresight of the national economy of Ukraine.
The modern development of border areas of Ukraine
is characterized by a number of features, which is connected with
historical, geo-cultural, socio-economic factors of the
organization of social life of their inhabitants. In the western
regions, which are geographically close to the border with the EU,
the European integration policy of the Ukrainian state has an
additional effect on the mobilization of labor migration. High
migration mobility of the population is not only a reaction of the
regional community to higher European social standards. It is
institutionalized and overgrows with its own norms, rules, statuses
of economic activity of the population. It becomes a source of new
needs and ways to meet them. A cross-border lifestyle, together
with the infrastructure that serves the migration mobility of the
population, leads to the emergence of interstate territorial
migration systems (TMS) − regional or cross-border labor
markets, driven by additional agreements and contracts.
Benefiting direct service users, these systems fulfill the
mobilization function of developing both a traditional and a
network economy. The emergence of new TMS functions requires
detailed analysis. This can be traced also in terms of Sokal district
in Lviv region.
Education for sustainable business development is an important institution of the integration process of the knowledge economy. This situation also concerns Ukraine, which is currently experiencing particularly difficult times of its state formation. This article investigates the state of the situation in the field of higher education in Ukraine, geopolitical, economic and other transformations of the 21 century.
