This study was to investigate the effect of beverage intake of pre - endurance exercise on exhalation gas variables and blood components in 30s adults. We applied the 27 - minute treadmill exercise protocol to 10 physical education graduate students three times at intervals of one week. The pre-exercise drinks were hydrogenated beverages, ionic beverages, green tea beverages, 500ml of which were taken 250ml each at 30 minutes and 20 minutes before exercise. The parameters of exhalation gas were VT, RCP and RER. The blood components were lactic acid, glucose and triglyceride. The mean and standard deviation for the items were calculated. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical significance. T-test was used for pre / post-difference test in each experimental group. The significance level of all statistics was set at p.05. The results of this study were 1) The VT and RCP level of the hydrogen drink group were higher than in the ion drink group, but significantly higher than in the green tea drink group (p.01). During exercise, the RER value was significantly lower than other drinks (p.001). Lactic acid production was lower than the ion drink group but significantly lower than the green tea drink group (p.05). 2) Blood glucose output in the ion drink group was significantly higher than in other drink groups (p.05). 3) The output of TG in the green tea group was significantly higher than that of other drinks (p.05). The conclusion of this study were listed as follows: Incremental endurance exercise in less than half an hour, hydrophobic drink improves exercise ability by delaying fatigue by improving ventilation ability during exercise. Ionic drinks promoted glucose metabolism and exercise anoxic endurance. On the other hand, Intake of green tea drink before exercise had the effect of activating lipid metabolism during exercise rather than improving exercise performance.
ABSTRACT One unique feature of malaria parasites is the differential transcription of structurally distinct rRNA (rRNA) genes at different developmental stages: the A-type genes are transcribed mainly in asexual stages, whereas the S-type genes are expressed mostly in sexual or mosquito stages. Conclusive functional evidence of different rRNAs in regulating stage-specific parasite development, however, is still absent. Here we performed genetic crosses of Plasmodium yoelii parasites with one parent having an oocyst development defect (ODD) phenotype and another producing normal oocysts to identify the gene(s) contributing to the ODD. The parent with ODD—characterized as having small oocysts and lacking infective sporozoites—was obtained after introduction of a plasmid with a green fluorescent protein gene into the parasite genome and subsequent passages in mice. Quantitative trait locus analysis of genome-wide microsatellite genotypes of 48 progeny from the crosses linked an ~200-kb segment on chromosome 6 containing one of the S-type genes (D-type small subunit rRNA gene [ D-ssu ]) to the ODD. Fine mapping of the plasmid integration site, gene expression pattern, and gene knockout experiments demonstrated that disruption of the D-ssu gene caused the ODD phenotype. Interestingly, introduction of the D-ssu gene into the same parasite strain (self), but not into a different subspecies, significantly affected or completely ablated oocyst development, suggesting a stage- and subspecies (strain)-specific regulation of oocyst development by D-ssu . This study demonstrates that P. yoelii D-ssu is essential for normal oocyst and sporozoite development and that variation in the D-ssu sequence can have dramatic effects on parasite development. IMPORTANCE Malaria parasites are the only known organisms that express structurally distinct rRNA genes at different developmental stages. The differential expression of these genes suggests that they play unique roles during the complex life cycle of the parasites. Conclusive functional proof of different rRNAs in regulating parasite development, however, is still absent or controversial. Here we functionally demonstrate for the first time that a stage-specifically expressed D-type small-subunit rRNA gene ( D-ssu ) is essential for oocyst development of the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii in the mosquito. This study also shows that variations in D-ssu sequence and/or the timing of transcription may have profound effects on parasite oocyst development. The results show that in addition to protein translation, rRNAs of malaria parasites also regulate parasite development and differentiation in a strain-specific manner, which can be explored for controlling parasite transmission.
Flux films and liquid slags for low-expansion alloy Fe-36Ni, austenitic stainless steel 304 and martensitic stainless steel 420J2 were taken from casting mold. Chemical compositions were measured by chemical analysis; apparent morphologies of flux films were photographed; cross-section structure, thickness, crystalline fraction and crystalline phases of flux films were examined by SEM, EDS and XRD; viscosity and break temperature were calculated by models. The results showed flux films and liquid slags have similar chemical compositions, but there is a certain difference from the original powders. Flux films for the three steel grades have obvious layered structure and main crystalline phase cuspidine, viscosity and break temperature keep steady during casting. Heat transfer across flux films characterized by morphology, thickness, viscosity, break temperature and crystalline fraction of flux films showed flux film for austenitic stainless steel 304, martensitic stainless steel 420J2 and low-expansion alloy steel Fe-36Ni have the best, moderate and the lowest ability to control heat transfer. Heat transfer across flux films agrees with solidification characteristic of steel grades generally. Low-expansion alloy Fe-36Ni has good surface quality and there is no occurrence of hot-rolling cracking. Stainless steels 304 and 420J2 have no surface cracking but local depressions.
The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the Isokinetic lower extremity muscle function and Physical fitness of football players. The study consisted of 40 football players(22 main players and 18 alternate players) from W University. The items to be measured were the knee Isokinetic lower extremity muscle and Physical fitness of the football players. The average difference in the Isokinetic knee muscle function and physical fitness level between groups were calculated and in the Isokinetic knee muscle function between the Dominant leg and Non-dominant leg were calculated by SPSS Ver 25.0 independent t-test. The relationship between Isokinetic knee muscle function and physical fitness level was applied by Pearson"s correlation analysis. The significant values are p<.05. The results of the measurement of the dominant leg significantly higher than that of the non-dominant leg(p<.05, p<.01, p<.001). Also, the stretch muscle strength was higher than the Contract muscle strength. The Flexion and Agon/Antag ratio for the dominant leg main players groups significantly higher than that of the alternate players groups(p<.05). The Agon/Antag ratio for the non-dominant leg main players groups significantly higher than that of the alternate players groups(p<.05). The Physical fitness level of main players group was significantly higher than that of alternate players group(p<.05, p<01, p<.001). Knee Flexion, Agon/Antag ratio and the Physical fitness level have a high correlation. In conclusion, when football players strength training, the speed of eccentric contraction and concentric contraction should be kept consistent. In particular, reinforcement training of the nondominant leg is needed.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor with easy metastasis and poor prognosis. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a traditional Chinese medicine, was reported playing a critical role in suppressing multiple tumor progress. So we wanted to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of water extract of sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum (BSGLWE) on osteosarcoma.In vitro, the effects on cell proliferation of BSGLWE in osteosarcoma cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay and flow cytometry; migration ability of osteosarcoma cells was evaluated by cell scratch and transwell assays. Cell apoptosis and autophagy were tested by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Potential signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. In xenograft orthotopic model, the luminescence intensity measured by an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system, and the expression of related proteins in tumor cells were assessed by IHC analysis.BSGLWE suppressed the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, and osteosarcoma cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase was arrested by the BSGLWE. In addition, increased apoptosis-related protein expression meant BSFLWE induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. TEM results indicated that BSGLWE promoted the formation of apoptotic bodies and autophagosomes in HOS and U2 cells. Western blotting or immunofluorescence and rescue assay revealed that BSGLWE blocked autophagic flux by inducing initiation of autophagy and increasing autophagosome accumulation of osteosarcoma cells. BSGLWE not only repressed the angiogenesis in the mouse model, but also induced apoptosis and blocked autophagy in vivo.BSGLWE inhibits osteosarcoma progression.
To investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the specific receptor LGR8 of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) in the mouse gubernaculum testis, and that of exoestrogens on descensus testis in mice.A total of 120 pregnant KM mice aged 8 to 10 weeks were assigned to a normal, a blank control and 4 DES groups of equal number, the blank controls injected subcutaneously with dimethyl sulfoxide plus normal saline, and the DES groups with DES at 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 microg/kg body weight, respectively, from embryonic day 9 (ED9) through ED17. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of LGR8 protein and mRNA in the gubernaculum testis of the ED18 fetuses and PND20 (postnatal day 20) offspring of the mice.Histological analysis showed that the gubernaculum testis of the ED18 fetuses were well developed in both the normal and control groups, with an inner mesenchymal core and muscular outer layer. In contrast, the gubernaculum testis were poorly developed in the experimental groups, morphologically abnormal and without visible dividing line between the mesenchymal tissue and the muscular outer layer. No obvious differences were found in the gubernaculum testis development of the neonates between the normal and experimental groups. Positive immunostaining was seen in the mesenchymal core and muscular outer layer, but mainly in the latter. The expression of LGR8 was weaker in the experimental groups than in the normal group (P < 0.05), but that of LGR8 mRNA was increased in the high-dose (10 and 100 microg/kg) DES groups (P < 0.05). No obvious mutations were observed in the PCR products in any of the experimental groups.Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol affected the expression of LGR8 mRNA in the mouse gubernaculum testis, which suggests that diethylstilbestrol may induce cryptorchidism by interfering with the INSL3-LGR8 signaling system and consequently the development of the gubernaculum testis.
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