G. A. Ledingham

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

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A. C. Neish

University of Plymouth

A. C. Blackwood

McGill University

G. A. Adams

Ottawa Hospital

H. J. Reisener

RWTH Aachen University

W. B. McConnell

Dorset County Hospital

A. P. Tulloch

Plant Biotechnology Institute

Ping Shu

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Arthur S. Perlin

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

W. P. Fraser

University of Saskatchewan

Roger Y. Stanier

Institut Pasteur

Cooperative Institutions

Saskatchewan Research Council (Canada)

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

National Research Council Canada

University of California, Berkeley

University of Saskatchewan

University of Wisconsin–Madison

University of Manitoba

Iowa State University

Western University

Dalhousie University

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THE COMPONENT FATTY ACIDS OF OILS FOUND IN SPORES OF PLANT RUSTS AND OTHER FUNGI

Canadian Journal of Microbiology (1960)

A. P. Tulloch G. A. Ledingham

The fatty acid compositions of oils extracted from the spores of 21 species of fungi, mainly rusts and smuts, have been determined by gas liquid phase chromatography. Cis-9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid was present in the spore oil of six species of Puccinia, two species of Melampsora, and one species each of Cronartium and Phragmidium, but not in one species each of Uromyces, Gymnosporangium, and Ravenelia. Palmitic acid was the principal saturated acid in all the fats, except those from the mildews, and the unsaturated C 18 acids generally made up the remainder. Rusts of the same genus with hosts in the same plant family had similar fatty acids but other rusts of the same genus with hosts in other families had a quite different pattern. The fats of smuts and mildews are quite distinct from those found in the rusts.

10.1139/m60-048

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Citations (62)

Canadian Journal of Microbiology (1956)

Ping Shu G. A. Ledingham

Cell-free extracts of uredospores of wheat stem rust contained enzymes that with the addition of triphosphopyridine nucleotide can oxidize mannose-6-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate, to pentose-5-phosphates, and the latter are converted to sedoheptuIose-7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate through the transketolase reaction. Diphosphopyridine nucleotide linked α-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, triose isomerase, and aldolase activities were also detected. However, transaldolase activity was not found in the spore preparation. These findings support the idea that the glucose-6-phosphate oxidation pathway is actively involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of rust fungi.

Transaldolase

Transketolase

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

Sugar phosphates

Glyceraldehyde

Carbohydrate Metabolism

10.1139/m56-059

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Citations (22)

Review of industrial microbiology in British Commonwealth countries.

G. A. Ledingham A. C. Blackwood

Commonwealth

Industrial microbiology

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Citations (1)

Studies of the Crown Rust, Puccinia Coronata Corda1

Scientific Agriculture (2016)

W. P. Fraser G. A. Ledingham

Rust (programming language)

Puccinia

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Citations (14)

SEPARATION OF STARCH AND GLUTEN:I. DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND WASHING METHODS FOR SEPARATION FROM WHEAT FLOUR

Canadian Journal of Research/Canadian journal of research (1945)

G. A. Adams N. H. Grace G. A. Ledingham

Starch and gluten were separated from wheat flour in a washing vessel, hemicylindrical in shape, oscillated 48 times per minute through 45°, accommodating 15 kgm. of water plus the dough prepared from 3 kgm. of patent hard spring flour. Washing action was provided by the combined movements of the vessel and an adjustable free-swinging rubber-covered roller. The starch suspension was continuously pumped into a settling tray, from which the overflow was recycled to the washing machine. Under these conditions 45 min. of washing with 40 kgm. of water effected a recovery of about 95% of the starch and gluten present in the dough. About 70% of the starch was extracted in the first 10 min. washing period.Washing was more efficient at 37 °C. than at lower temperatures, and dough mixing times of nine minutes gave better results than three minutes. The washing equipment provided results of a precision that permitted demonstration of statistically significant differences between starch yields differing by as little as 3%.

Tray

Settling

10.1139/cjr45f-014

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Citations (2)

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: XXXII. 2,3-BUTANEDIOL FERMENTATIONS AT POISED HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATIONS

Canadian Journal of Research/Canadian journal of research (1949)

A. C. Neish G. A. Ledingham

The anaerobic dissimilation of glucose by Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis (Ford's type), Aerobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens was studied at poised hydrogen ion concentrations covering the range pH 5.0 to 8.0. Each fermentation was controlled within ±0.05 pH units by automatic addition of ammonium hydroxide solutions. The hydrogen ion concentration had a marked effect on the overall rate of dissimilation and the relative yield of products that was similar for all organisms. The time required to completely ferment a medium containing 5% glucose varied from 22 hr. for Bacillus subtilis to [Formula: see text] for Aerobacter aerogenes at the optimum pH, which was within the range 7.0 to 7.6. The yield of 2,3-butanediol decreases above pH 6.4, until above pH 7.6 little or none is formed, although fairly rapid breakdown of glucose is still obtained. At the same time the yield of acetoin tends to increase, while there is little change in the amount of ethanol formed. The yields of acetic and lactic acids increase markedly in alkaline media, the latter showing an optimum at pH 7.6. A pronounced decrease in the yields of carbon dioxide and hydrogen occurs above pH 7.0 and is accompanied by an approximately equal increase in the yield of formic acid, which rises from 0.3 to 120 millimoles per 100 millimoles of glucose dissimilated in the A. aerogenes fermentation.

Acetoin

Enterobacter aerogenes

2,3-Butanediol

10.1139/cjr49b-070

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Citations (29)

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: II. STRAINS OF AEROBACILLUS POLYMYXA IN RELATION TO FILTERABILITY AND BUTANEDIOL PRODUCTION

Canadian Journal of Research/Canadian journal of research (1945)

Roger Y. Stanier G. A. Adams G. A. Ledingham

Under laboratory conditions it has been found that most strains of Aerobacillus polymyxa split off variants that differ substantially in: colony formation; appearance of wheat mashes after fermentation; filterability of these mashes; and their ability to produce 2,3-butanediol and ethanol. It has been impossible to demonstrate a close correlation between particular colony types and their usefulness for commercial 2,3-butanediol production. By selection it has been possible to obtain strains that are excellent both from the standpoint of mash filterability and product yield. Preservation of cultures in lyophile tubes prevents further variation during storage.

2,3-Butanediol

Butanediol

Paenibacillus polymyxa

1,4-Butanediol

10.1139/cjr45f-006

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Citations (4)

DIMETHYLGLYOXIME-COPPER TREATMENT FOR ROTPROOFING FABRICS

Canadian Journal of Research/Canadian journal of research (1945)

A. C. Neish G. A. Ledingham A. G. Mackey

Copper was fixed in jute, coarse cotton, and woollen fabrics by dipping the test materials for two to five minutes in a 0.5% aqueous solution of dimethylglyoxime at 90° to 100 °C., and then immersing them in 5% copper acetate at room temperature for five minutes. The amount of fixed copper was varied by altering the strength of the copper solution. The treated fabrics were odourless, remained pliable, and were dyed a khaki colour. As determined by soil burial tests this treatment proved more effective than that with copper naphthenate for rotproofing purposes.

Dimethylglyoxime

Breaking strength

10.1139/cjr45f-021

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Citations (1)

FINE STRUCTURE OF WHEAT STEM RUST UREDOSPORES

Canadian Journal of Botany (1964)

Philip G. Williams G. A. Ledingham

The fine structure of uredospores and germ tubes of Puccinia graminis f. sp. trilici is described from electron micrographs of cells fixed in KMnO 4 . In terms of their principal cytoplasmic structures (nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and protoplasmic and vacuolar membranes) these cells bear a general resemblance to other fungi and higher plants but differences between resting cells and germ tubes were noted in the size of oil bodies and the structure and extent of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Puccinia

Stem rust

Protoplasm

Electron micrographs

Rust (programming language)

Nuclear membrane

Reticulum

10.1139/b64-148

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Citations (39)

Karling's Plasmodiophorales

Mycologia (1942)

G. A. Ledingham

10.2307/3754677

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Citations (1)