Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio

Universitat de Barcelona

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Ana Rodrı́guez

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias

Beatriz Martı́nez

Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid

Maite Muniesa

Universitat de Barcelona

Pilar García

Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias

Clara Gómez-Gómez

Universitat de Barcelona

David M. Donovan

Morgan State University

Pedro Blanco-Picazo

Universitat de Barcelona

María Pilar García Suárez

Diana Gutiérrez

Ghent University Hospital

Rob Lavigne

KU Leuven

Cooperative Institutions

Universitat de Barcelona

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Hospital de Sant Pau

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

KU Leuven

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias

Universitat de València

Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari

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Estudio de la efectividad de desinfectantes de amonio cuaternario y glutaraldehido frente a cepas de Staphylococcus de origen alimentario

Alimentaria (2005)

C. S. Gallardo A. Pombar J. A. Gonzalez Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio

En este trabajo se han evaluado 4 compuestos de amonio cuaternario y 1 a base de glutaraldehido, mediante 2 ensayos in vitro: metodo de difusion en placa y test de suspension (CMI y CMB) frente a seis cepas de Sraphylococcus aisladas de manipuladores, superficies y alimentos ademas de una cepa control. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, para las 7 cepas ensayadas, los 5 compuestos ensayados resultaron eficaces a concentraciones inferiores a las recomendadas por los fabricantes. No se han observado diferencias significativas entre los desinfectantes; todos ellos presentaron actividad bacteriostatica frente a los microorganismos y 4 de los 5 productos ensayados presentaron actividad bactericida. De las dos tecnicas evaluadas, el ensayo de suspension parece mas fiable debido a que no se ve afectado por las propiedades fisico - quimicas de los desinfectantes, mientras que en el ensayo de difusion, la viscosidad de uno de los compuestos ha interferido en el desarrollo y lectura de la prueba. Las cepas ensayadas mostraron comportamientos variables frente a los desinfectantes, lo que confirma la necesidad de una evaluacion previa que garantice su eficacia frente a los microorganismos contaminantes de la industria alimentaria.

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Bacteriophages in sewage: abundance, roles, and applications

FEMS Microbes (2022)

Elisenda Ballesté Anicet R. Blanch Maite Muniesa Cristina García‐Aljaro Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio

The raw sewage that flows through sewage systems contains a complex microbial community whose main source is the human gut microbiome, with bacteriophages being as abundant as bacteria or even more so. Phages that infect common strains of the human gut bacteriome and transient bacterial pathogens have been isolated in raw sewage, as have other phages corresponding to non-sewage inputs. Although human gut phages do not seem to replicate during their transit through the sewers, they predominate at the entrance of wastewater treatment plants, inside which the dominant populations of bacteria and phages undergo a swift change. The sheer abundance of phages in the sewage virome prompts several questions, some of which are addressed in this review. There is growing concern about their potential role in the horizontal transfer of genes, including those related with bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, some phages that infect human gut bacteria are being used as indicators of fecal/viral water pollution and as source tracking markers and have been introduced in water quality legislation. Other potential applications of enteric phages to control bacterial pathogens in sewage or undesirable bacteria that impede the efficacy of wastewater treatments, including biofilm formation on membranes, are still being researched.

10.1093/femsmc/xtac009

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Unravelling the consequences of the bacteriophages in human samples

Scientific Reports (2020)

Pedro Blanco-Picazo Dietmar Fernández‐Orth Maryury Brown-Jaque Elisenda Miró Paula Espinal

Abstract Bacteriophages are abundant in human biomes and therefore in human clinical samples. Although this is usually not considered, they might interfere with the recovery of bacterial pathogens at two levels: 1) by propagating in the enrichment cultures used to isolate the infectious agent, causing the lysis of the bacterial host and 2) by the detection of bacterial genes inside the phage capsids that mislead the presence of the bacterial pathogen. To unravel these interferences, human samples (n = 271) were analyzed and infectious phages were observed in 11% of blood culture, 28% of serum, 45% of ascitic fluid, 14% of cerebrospinal fluid and 23% of urine samples. The genetic content of phage particles from a pool of urine and ascitic fluid samples corresponded to bacteriophages infecting different bacterial genera. In addition, many bacterial genes packaged in the phage capsids, including antibiotic resistance genes and 16S rRNA genes, were detected in the viromes. Phage interference can be minimized applying a simple procedure that reduced the content of phages up to 3 logs while maintaining the bacterial load. This method reduced the detection of phage genes avoiding the interference with molecular detection of bacteria and reduced the phage propagation in the cultures, enhancing the recovery of bacteria up to 6 logs.

Bacterial virus

Human pathogen

10.1038/s41598-020-63432-7

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Characterization of crAss-like phage isolates highlights Crassvirales genetic heterogeneity and worldwide distribution

Nature Communications (2023)

María Dolores Ramos‐Barbero Clara Gómez-Gómez Laura Sala‐Comorera Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio Sara Morales-Cortés

Crassvirales (crAss-like phages) are an abundant group of human gut-specific bacteriophages discovered in silico. The use of crAss-like phages as human fecal indicators is proposed but the isolation of only seven cultured strains of crAss-like phages to date has greatly hindered their study. Here, we report the isolation and genetic characterization of 25 new crAss-like phages (termed crAssBcn) infecting Bacteroides intestinalis, belonging to the order Crassvirales, genus Kehishuvirus and, based on their genomic variability, classified into six species. CrAssBcn phage genomes are similar to ΦCrAss001 but show genomic and aminoacidic differences when compared to other crAss-like phages of the same family. CrAssBcn phages are detected in fecal metagenomes around the world at a higher frequency than ΦCrAss001. This study increases the known crAss-like phage isolates and their abundance and heterogeneity open the question of what member of the Crassvirales group should be selected as human fecal marker.

Isolation

10.1038/s41467-023-40098-z

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Lytic Activity of LysH5 Endolysin Secreted by Lactococcus lactis Using the Secretion Signal Sequence of Bacteriocin Lcn972

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2012)

Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio Dolores Gutiérrez Beatriz Martı́nez Ana Rodrı́guez Pilar García

ABSTRACT Bacteriophage endolysins have an interesting potential as antimicrobials. The endolysin LysH5, encoded by Staphylococcus aureus phage vB_SauS-phi-IPLA88, was expressed and secreted in Lactococcus lactis using the signal peptide of bacteriocin lactococcin 972 and lactococcal constitutive and inducible promoters. Up to 80 U/mg of extracellular active endolysin was detected in culture supernatants, but most of the protein (up to 323 U/mg) remained in the cell extracts.

Lysin

Lytic cycle

Lactococcus

10.1128/aem.00018-12

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Bacteriophages of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Their Contribution to Pathogenicity

Pathogens (2021)

Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio Nadja Haarmann Maike Schwidder Maite Muniesa Herbert Schmidt

Shiga toxins (Stx) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are generally encoded in the genome of lambdoid bacteriophages, which spend the most time of their life cycle integrated as prophages in specific sites of the bacterial chromosome. Upon spontaneous induction or induction by chemical or physical stimuli, the stx genes are co-transcribed together with the late phase genes of the prophages. After being assembled in the cytoplasm, and after host cell lysis, mature bacteriophage particles are released into the environment, together with Stx. As members of the group of lambdoid phages, Stx phages share many genetic features with the archetypical temperate phage Lambda, but are heterogeneous in their DNA sequences due to frequent recombination events. In addition to Stx phages, the genome of pathogenic STEC bacteria may contain numerous prophages, which are either cryptic or functional. These prophages may carry foreign genes, some of them related to virulence, besides those necessary for the phage life cycle. Since the production of one or more Stx is considered the major pathogenicity factor of STEC, we aim to highlight the new insights on the contribution of Stx phages and other STEC phages to pathogenicity.

Prophage

Pathogenicity island

Temperateness

Lysogenic cycle

Lysogen

10.3390/pathogens10040404

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Citations (59)

Historia de dos bibliotecas. Una biblioteca española y otra argentina trabajando juntas

Anaquel: boletín de libros, archivos y bibliotecas de Castilla-La Mancha (2012)

Francisco José Alberca Escobar Carolina Pirela Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio

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Bacteriocinas y bacteriofagos: ¿aliados en bioconservación?

Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio Ana Rodrı́guez Beatriz Martı́nez María Pilar García Suárez

Trabajo presentado en la 12a Reunion de la Red Espanola de Bacterias Lacticas (RedBAL), celebrada en Sevilla (Espana) del 17 al 18 de mayo de 2018

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Recruitment of complete crAss-like phage genomes reveals their presence in chicken viromes, few human-specific phages, and lack of universal detection

The ISME Journal (2024)

María Dolores Ramos‐Barbero Clara Gómez-Gómez Gloria Vique Laura Sala‐Comorera Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio

Human feces

10.1093/ismejo/wrae192

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Exploring the role of phages in food preservation by hurdle technology

Lorena Rodríguez‐Rubio Rafael Tabla Craig Billinton John Hudson Ana Rodrı́guez

Trabajo presentado en la EMBO Conference Viruses of microbes: Structure and function, from molecules to communities, celebrada en Zurich del 14 al 18 de julio de 2014.

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