BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of dental implant placement at different bone levels upon the resultant postoperative peri-implant bone loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-two partially edentulous patients seeking implant-supported single-crown restorations were screened followed by segregation into 2 groups (GP), GP E (equicrestal) and GP S (subcrestal) (n=21 each). Sixty endosseous implants (30 each) (Adin Tourage-S, Israel), size 3.5/8 and 4/10 mm for mandibles, were placed using a 2-stage surgical procedure. At 4 to 6 months, straight abutments were attached followed by restoration (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany). Crestal bone levels (mesial/distal) of implant fixtures were assessed at 5 time intervals (after surgery, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months) using digital radiography. Means and standard deviations were calculated, following which the differences were statistically analyzed using ANOVA at P value of <0.05. RESULTS The mean annual bone loss for GP S (1.96 mm) was higher than GP E (1.10 mm). At all studied time intervals, the bone loss for implants in GP S was higher than in GP E (P<0.05). Between time intervals, lowest bone loss was observed on the distal side in GP E (0.11 mm/6-9 month) and the highest bone loss was observed on the distal side of GP S (0.6 mm/9-12 month). Differences in the means between the 2 groups on mesial and distal sides were statistically significant at all time intervals (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Subcrestal implant placement was associated with more bone loss than when implants are placed at the crestal level.
Among various challenges to restore a single tooth implant in the posterior region of the oral cavity is the creation of harmonious gingival contour beneath the restoration and near the abutment –gingiva interface so as not to allow plaque accumulation within this inaccessible zone. Deficiencies in the soft or hard tissue in the edentulous space are usually the most common obstacles to achieve a gingival symmetry around the proposed restoration, besides the factors like accessibility of cleansing aids to the area. This article describes a novel approach to eliminate the ridge or soft tissue deficiencies by over contouring and undermining soft tissue around the healing abutment at the second stage implant surgery.
Abstract Clostridium difficile infection is a growing problem in healthcare settings worldwide and results in a considerable socioeconomic impact. New hypervirulent strains and acquisition of antibiotic resistance exacerbates pathogenesis; however, the survival strategy of C. difficile in the challenging gut environment still remains incompletely understood. We previously reported that clinically relevant heat-stress (37–41 °C) resulted in a classical heat-stress response with up-regulation of cellular chaperones. We used ClosTron to construct an insertional mutation in the dnaK gene of C. difficile 630 Δ erm . The dnaK mutant exhibited temperature sensitivity, grew more slowly than C. difficile 630 Δ erm and was less thermotolerant. Furthermore, the mutant was non-motile, had 4-fold lower expression of the fliC gene and lacked flagella on the cell surface. Mutant cells were some 50% longer than parental strain cells, and at optimal growth temperatures, they exhibited a 4-fold increase in the expression of class I chaperone genes including GroEL and GroES . Increased chaperone expression, in addition to the non-flagellated phenotype of the mutant, may account for the increased biofilm formation observed. Overall, the phenotype resulting from dnaK disruption is more akin to that observed in Escherichia coli dnaK mutants, rather than those in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis .
In recent years since the creation of TikTok, there has been a rapid increase in the use of such applications by teenagers to gain popularity and cure boredom.The app was developed in China and is owned by Byte Dance.Initially called Musically, the advanced app, now known as TikTok, has 500 million monthly active users and is accessible in 34 languages.Followed by YouTube, Snapchat and Instagram, TikTok is the 4 th most downloaded social app.Previous studies conducted show that such image focused apps lead to several mental health issues like body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, narcissistic personalities etc.The usage of this application has resulted in child pornography, cyberbullying and parental disengagement.The paper uses a pragmatic approach to examine indepth reasons behind TikTok becoming a sudden massive success amongst teenagers along with its positive and negative effects.Content analysis is performed on parent"s views and comments left as feedback at the app store for downloading this application.Qualitative data gathered is transcribed and codified to derive emerging themes.Focused group interviews with a few up and coming TikTok micro celebrities are conducted to explore their underlying thought processes, problems and other interesting facts about the application.The study proposes a conceptual framework as roadmap of TikTok micro-fame which could be used by other studies and researchers.The study substantiates a fact towards understanding the areas of further research in designing and developing the application from a functional as well as users" perspective.
Establishing anatomic reduction of an edentulous mandible fracture is a frequently acknowledged challenge in craniomaxillofacial trauma surgery in elderly patients due to compromised medical condition, lack of occlusive dental surfaces to capitalize on maxillomandibular fixation and various contraindications for the surgical approach. The solution is to overcome such problems in an edentulous mandible is to create occlusal guidance by either making dentures or by fabricating intraoral splints to guide in the reduction of jaws in correct alignment. For such conditions, "Gunning splint" is a better option as it provides close reduction and stabilization of mandibular fracture. A case report is presented here where close collaboration between an oral surgeon and a prosthodontist comes into role. The oral surgeon, after assessing the exact nature and extent of fracture, must communicate with the prosthodontist regarding the type of splint and management of fracture for the improvement of the patient's prognosis.
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