The report gives results of a comprehensive emission sampling and analysis of a pilot-scale, atmospheric-pressure, coal-fired, fluidized-bed combustor (AFBC). Screening data on organic and inorganic pollutants and indications of biological activity were obtained. The Babcock and Wilcox/Electric Power Research Institute AFBC at Alliance, OH. (B and W/EPRI/Alliance), with a coal-firing capacity of 880 kg/hr was tested. Air pollutant emissions of trace elements were measured upstream of particulate controls. Assuming a control efficiency of 99.9%, necessary to meet the utility boiler Federal NSPS for particulate of 13 ng/J, emissions of trace elements are not significant. Elemental concentrations do not appear to be significantly different from other FBCs or conventional coal combustion systems. Limited further analyses for specific polynuclear aromatic compounds indicate that emissions of these compounds are probably of no concern. Analysis of laboratory-generated leachates from solid waste samples reveals that trace metal concentrations are well below Federal hazardous waste criteria. Positive test results for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity screening tests require further investigation.
The report describes the design and operation of a mobile fabric filter system, and gives results of a laboratory fabric filter investigation. The mobile system, constructed to study the effects of fabric filtration parameters when filtering an actual industrial effluent stream, was designed for mechanical shake, pulse jet, or reverse flow cleaning. The mobile system was field-tested at a secondary brass foundry, a hot mix asphalt plant, and a coal-fired utility boiler. Woven and felted Nomex and woven glass fabrics were tested. The three cleaning methods were used with appropriate fabrics and emission sources. Pressure drop and efficiency (both mass and particle size) data were collected. Selected aspects of pulse jet and mechanical shake cleaned fabric filters were investigated in the laboratory. The effects of bag fit, pulse supply pressure, and pulse type on filter pressure drop and effluent were investigated. The mechanical shake cleaning tests determined the source of dust emissions for a specific aerosol/fabric combination. Dust emissions resulted from direct penetration, seepage, dust shaken through the filter during cleaning, and dust (loosened during cleaning) that penetrated when air flow resumed. (GRA)
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corporation, GCA/Technology Division, of technological feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, November 10, 1975) at the Standard Oil Company of Ohio's Lima Refinery. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Support Documents, Vol. I and II, (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be obtained from NTIS. After collecting necessary site and process specific data by means of a plant visit, it was determined that the only source not meeting the proposed regulation was the Claus sulfur recovery plant. For this plant, the technical feasibility and cost of compliance using the Beavon, IFP-150, IFP-1500, Shell Claus off-gas treating (SCOT), sulfreen, and Wellman-Lord processes for desulfurization of the tail gases were evaluated.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoal burns cleaner in a fluid bedPaul F. Fennelly, Hans Klemm, Robert R. Hall, and Donald F. DurocherCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 3, 244–248Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60126a008https://doi.org/10.1021/es60126a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GCA identified 165 physical coal cleaning plants with a raw coal capacity of 500 tons/hr or greater. Of these 165 plants, additional information on the sulfur and ash content of the raw and prepared coals was collected for 49 coal preparation plants. Calculations were performed to determine the percent sulfur and ash reduction due to physical coal cleaning processes. The reduction in sulfur content varied from 0 to 57 percent by weight while the reduction in ash content varied from 10 to 85 percent by weight. These values are well within the range of results previously reported in the literature.
The report gives results of a study of chemical and physical characteristics affecting the performance of particulate control equipment, based on five fly ash samples from full- and pilot-scale atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC) units. Analysis of acquired data by fabric filter (FF) and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) mathematical models illustrates how control device performance may be affected by AFBC fly ash properties.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corporation, GCA/Technology Division, of technological feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, November 10, 1975) at Union Carbide's Fostoria Activated Carbon Plant. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Support Documents, Vol. I and II, (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be obtained from NTIS. Union Carbide employs a unique activation process using sulfur that would be affected by the proposed regulation. A sulfur dioxide emission reduction of 96.8 percent would be required. After collecting necessary process and site specific data by means of a plant visit, the technical feasibility and cost of lime scrubbing to achieve the required sulfur dioxide reduction were determined.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corporation, GCA/Technology Division, of technological feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, November 10, 1975) at the Republic Steel Corporation's Cleveland District Plant. The Final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Support Documents, Vol. I and II (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be obtained from NTIS. After collecting necessary site and process specific data by means of a plant visit, it was concluded that emissions from Boiler D would have to be reduced, and coke oven gas desulfurization would be required. The technical feasibility and cost of the Sulfiban, Holmes-Stretford, and Dravo-Stills processes for coke oven gas desulfurization were evaluated. These and other control options such as using low sulfur coal were evaluated for Boiler D.
The distribution of 24 trace and minor elements in the feed and exit streams from a fluidized-bed combustor equipped with a pulse-jet baghouse for particulate control was investigated. Lignite feed was the major source of aluminum, barium, beryllium, iron, sodium and titanium entering the combustor. The limestone feed was the major source of calcium, magnesium and manganese entering the combustor. Both lignite and limestone were significant sources of chromium, cobalt, nickel, potassium, silicon, vanadium and zinc. Most of the elements left the combustion system in either the primary cyclone catch or the bed drain. The secondary cyclone and baghouse collected most of the remaining trace and minor elements. Particulate emissions to the atmosphere were very low ranging from 0.00026 to 0.00040 lb/10/sup 6/ Btu. Emissions of trace and minor elements, which were also very low, are presented in this report.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corporation, GCA/Technology Division, of technological feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed Ohio SO2 regulation (40 FR 52410, November 10, 1975) at the Union Camp Corporation, Chemical Division's Dover Plant. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Support Document, Vol. I and II (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be obtained from NTIS. This plant produced fatty organic chemicals. Two small coal-fired boilers are operated to produce steam for the production of these chemicals. After collecting necessary site and process specific data by means of a plant visit, the technical feasibility and cost of commercial lime and double alkali scrubbing systems were evaluated.
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