An attempt is made to formulate optimal ordering policies for the retailer when the supplier offers progressive credit periods to settle the account. We define progressive credit periods as follows: If the retailer settles the outstanding amount by M, the supplier does not charge any interest. If the retailer pays after M but before N(M < N), then the supplier charges the retailer on the un-paid balance at the rate Ic 1 . If the retailer settles the account after N, then he will have to pay an interest rate of Ic 2 ( Ic 2 > Ic 1 ). The objective function to be optimized is considered as present value of all future cash-out-flows. An algorithm is given to find the flow of optimal ordering policy. Analytic proofs are discussed to study the effect of various parameters on an objective function.
This study investigates the effect of learning in fuzziness by considering fuzzy demand in the EOQ model for deteriorating items under a finite time horizon. The crisp equivalent form of the fuzzy objective function is obtained by employing the centroid method. Using calculus, the number of replenishments which optimizes the fuzzy objective function is derived. The model is extended by applying learning in fuzziness and an algorithm is developed to determine the number of replenishments. Numerical illustrations are provided for the model under a crisp, fuzzy and fuzzy-learning environment. Numerical results reveal that the cost is lower with learning in fuzziness than that of without learning in fuzziness. Besides, results indicate that the learning in fuzziness is more effective whenever the parameter has higher impreciseness in the estimation of its value.
International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.
This paper provides a summary of available technologies required for implementing indoor laser-based wireless networks capable of achieving aggregate data-rates of terabits per second as widely accepted as a sixth generation (6G) key performance indicator. The main focus of this paper is on the technologies supporting the near infrared region of the optical spectrum. The main challenges in the design of the transmitter and receiver systems and communication/networking schemes are identified and new insights are provided. This paper also covers the previous and recent standards as well as industrial applications for optical wireless communications (OWC) and LiFi.
In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to formulate optimal pricing and ordering policies when the units in inventory are subject to constant rate of deteriorating and the supplier offers progressive credit periods to settle the account. The concept of progressive credit periods is as follows: If the retailer settles the outstanding amount by M, the supplier does not charge any interest. If the retailer pays after M but before N (M Ic1) on the un-paid balance. The objective is to maximize the net profit. The decision variables are selling price and ordering quantity. An algorithm is given to find the flow of optimal selling price and ordering policy. A numerical illustration is given to study the effect of offered two credit periods and deterioration on decision variables and the net profit of the retailer. Resumo
The present study considers a continuous review inventory system for the inventory model involving fuzzy random demand, variable lead-time with backorders and lost sales. The authors first use the triangular fuzzy number count upon lead-time to construct a lead-time demand. Using credibility criterion, the expected shortages are calculated. Without loss of generality, the authors have assumed that all the observed values of the fuzzy random variable, representing the demand are triangular fuzzy numbers. Consequently, the value of total expected cost in the fuzzy sense is derived using the expected value criterion or credibility criterion. For the proposed model, the authors provide a solution to find the optimal lead-time and the optimal order quantity along with the reorder point such that the total expected cost in the fuzzy sense has a minimum value. Numerical study is also provided to illustrate the results of proposed model.
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