Resolving the flow and pollutant concentrations at the highest possible resolution is of paramount importance in atmospheric chemistry calculations especially when dealing with chemical reactions in plumes. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is used to explore the modeling of pollutant plumes. OMEGA is built upon an unstructured adaptive grid made up of triangular prisms. OMEGA also has an embedded Atmospheric Dispersion Model (ADM). The ADM uses a puff approach to disperse the pollutants. The particles are treated as centroids of growing puffs, with the growth determined by the ambient turbulent characteristics. OMEGA also features a particle diffusion algorithm using a Monte Carlo method with a receptor-oriented concentration calculation algorithm.
Threaded halves of metallic collar fit around tapered shank of body of fastener. Retaining ring holds collar on body. Ceramic coat gives fastener its resistance to oxidation. Assembled and disassembled quickly from outside.
Pulses from two mode-locked lasers have been synchronized to better than 2 ps. The technique, similar to that used by Halbout and Grischkowsky 1 uses the output of a passively mode-locked CPM dye laser to generate a radiofrequency (rf) signal which can be used to drive a mode-locker for a second laser. In our case, the second laser is a diode pumped Nd:YLF (DPY) FM mode-locked with a lithium-niobate phase modulator. 2 FM mode-locking has two advantages over AM mode-locking: it does not require a rf divide by two element, and the phase modulator tank circuit can be easily tuned without reducing its Q. The tank circuit has a relatively low Q that allows the DPY laser to be adjusted to the CPM laser frequency without tuning the circuit. The CPM can be set optimally to produce the shortest pulses, and the DPY adjusted to operate in synchrony. The DPY generates pulses as short as 15 ps at 100 Mhz; it operates stably in two modes corresponding to pulse durations of 15 and 30 ps. The shortest pulses, measured by a cross correlation with pulses from the CPM, are neither Gaussian nor hyperbolic secant in shape. They have an asymmetric shape with one or two satellite pulses preceding or following the main pulse depending on the cavity length detuning.
Objective: In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association included Internet Gaming Disorder in the diagnostic manual as a condition which requires further research, indicating the scientific and clinical community are aware of potential health concerns as a consequence of excessive Internet use. From a clinical point of view, it appears that excessive/addictive Internet use is often comorbid with further psychopathologies and assessing comorbidity is relevant in clinical practice, treatment outcome and prevention as the probability to become addicted to using the Internet accelerates with additional (sub)clinical symptoms. Moreover, research indicates individuals play computer games excessively to cope with everyday stressors and to regulate their emotions by applying media-focused coping strategies, suggesting pathological computer game players play in order to relieve stress and to avoid daily hassles. The aims of this research were to replicate and extend previous findings and explanations of the complexities of the relationships between excessive Internet use and Internet addiction, psychopathology and dysfunctional coping strategies. Method: Participants included 681 Polish university students sampled using an online battery of validated psychometric instruments. Results: Results of structural equation models revealed dysfunctional coping strategies (i.e., distraction, denial, self-blame, substance use, venting, media use, and behavioural disengagement) significantly predict excessive Internet use, and the data fit the theoretical model well. A second SEM showed media-focused coping and substance use coping significantly mediate the relationship between psychopathology (operationalised via the Global Severity Index) and excessive Internet use. Conclusions: The findings lend support to the self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders, and suggest psychopathology and dysfunctional coping have additive effects on excessive Internet use.
Over the past decade, distrust of atheists has been documented in psychological literature yet remains relatively understudied. The current research sought to test the robustness of anti-atheist prejudice. Specifically, it examined the extent to which an individual's anti-atheist prejudice remained unchanged in light of new information. One hundred participants from the United Kingdom completed an online experiment. The experiment involved reading a vignette describing the actions of an untrustworthy individual. Participants were asked to make a judgment with regards to the untrustworthy individual's identity. The occurrence of a cognitive bias, namely, the conjunction fallacy, was used to measure the frequency of anti-atheist prejudice. An examination of judgment errors (i.e., conjunction fallacies) under different conditions was used to test the robustness of anti-atheism prejudice. The results show that anti-atheist prejudice is not confined either to dominantly religious countries or to religious individuals but rather appears to be a robust judgment about atheists.