The laser material interaction, controlling of process parameters and their effect on melting, solidification and process efficiency are critical to understand the behavior of the weld joints. This paper aims to study the effect of welding speed on different process efficiencies in 304L Stainless Steel. The bead on 304L austenitic stainless steel plate is created by varying welding speed. A novel semi-empirical method based on weld pool volume measured from experimental results is used to predict the melting efficiency of Nd: YAG laser welding process. The dimensionless parameter models are used to estimate various types of measurable controlling parameters. These parameters have good agreement with the various available models in literature.
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oil may create shortage of oil seeds for daily food, which necessitates identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil. With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance of castor non-edible vegetable oil and its blend with diesel on a single cylinder, 4 stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer Kirloskar Diesel Engine at 1500 rpm for variable loads. Initially, castor neat oil and their blends were chosen. The physical and chemical properties of Castor oil were determined. In general, viscosity of neat vegetable oil is high, which can be reduced through blending with diesel and heating them. The heating temperature of the blends increases with the increase in the percentage of neat oils with diesel ranging from 70°C to 120°C before entering into the combustion chamber. The suitability of neat Castor oil and their blends are evaluated through experimentation. The performance and emission characteristics of engine are determined using Castor neat oil and their blends with diesel. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the other results of neat oils and their blends available in the literature for validation. By analyzing the graphs, it was observed that the performance characteristics are reduced and emission characteristics are increased at the rated load compared to those of diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, high viscosity and delayed combustion process. From the critical analysis of graphs, it can be observed that 25% of neat Castor oil mixed with 75% of diesel is the best suited blend for Diesel engine without heating and without any engine modifications. It is concluded that castor non-edible oil can be used as an alternate to diesel, which is of low cost. This usage of neat bio-diesel has a great impact in reducing the dependency of India on oil imports.
Non acceptable oil crops are being grown solely for biodiesel creation. An irregular strategy is to raise a food yield and use the waste material for biodiesel. Jamun Seed oil (JSO) is regular non satisfactory oil that is introduced in dry land nations the examination around there to create as a substitute for petrochemicals in minute. JSO was set up from oil process extraction by using n-hexane. The transesterification strategy for production of Jamun Seed Methyl Ester Oil (JSMEO) has been researched. The assembling of far over the ground quality jamun seed biodiesel achieve from the transestification alongside methanol, KOH go about as impetus. The furthest utilized single chamber 4S fluid cooled unequivocal infusion diesel motor is chosen to test. The testing of JSMEO have been complete on three distinctive cylinder head geometry by shift the motor working boundaries. In this exploratory work, the motor execution are determinate by methods for JSMEO as the essential fuel and diesel has the optional fuel of the motor and the results are seen as the test examination.
The global transition to renewable energy sources is a crucial response to the urgent need to reduce global warming and its negative environment consequences. One feasible approach within this paradigm is to generate steam from syngas produced by biomass gasification. Background: Gasification is a thermochemical process that transforms organic materials into combustible gas mixtures, provides a sustainable and renewable way to generate energy, chemicals and fuels. This technology helps to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. Materials and methods: In this experiment, Tasmanian blue gum eucalyptus sawdust is used to generate pellets which will subsequently be processed into syngas using downdraft gasifier. The experiment investigates the effect of increasing air velocities specifically 10, 15, 20 and 25 M/sec as a gasifying agent to the gasification process. Results: The air velocity is measured at 10, 15, 20 and 25 m/s resulting in the time taken of 2280, 1860, 1560 and 1380 with efficiency increases of 41.11, 47.73, 49.62 and 54.67, respectively. This implies that optimizing air velocity is crucial for improving the overall performance of biomass gasification. The proximate and ultimate results of pellet are some better compared to the raw eucalyptus by researcher Filomena Pinto [16]. The efficiency is slightly high compared with the researcher R. Ravi Kumar [25]. The generated syngas may eventually replace the fossil fuel LPG for domestic purposes. Conclusion: The time taken for the gasification decreases with the increase of air velocity up to 25m/s. As the result the efficiency increases.
Rapid depletion of conventional energy sources, along with increasing demand for energy is a matter of serious concern for the mankind.The factor that petroleum based fuels will neither be available in sufficient quantities nor at a reasonable price in future, has revived interest in exploring the use of alternative fuels.It is essential that these alternative fuels for engine should be drive from indigenous sources and preferable renewable energy sources.In this work, experiments are conducted by governing pilot fuel and speed for defined loads. in the present work, the engine performance characteristics are computed using CNG as the main fuel and diesel as the pilot fuel of dual fuel mode.From the experimental investigations, it is concluded that the engine performance of the dual fuel operation is better than the diesel fuel operation.
The welding of dissimilar metals is challenging because of differences in physical, chemical and thermomechanical properties. This paper aims to investigate the influence of process parameters on strength, microstructure and chemical composition of weld joints made of 304L stainless steel and galvanized iron sheets. An empirical relationship in terms of laser power, welding speed and pulse duration has been proposed for optimizing the weld strength using Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology. The set of experiments are conducted as per the Taguchi’s orthogonal array design matrix. The X-ray Difractometer and Scanning Electron Microscope employed to characterize the weld joint. The PANalytical X’Pert High score software is used to analyze phase contents. It is observed that laser power has more effect than pulse duration on weld strength. The optimized strength predicted from dissimilar metal weld joints by using experimental and analytical methods are close agreement with each other. The analysis of weld samples depicts the formation of vanadium and manganese nitride precipitate at the grain boundaries.
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