Streptococcal myositis is an extremely uncommon infectious disease that is caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS). A GAS infection spreads rapidly and diffusely through the muscle, resulting in edema and necrosis. This can lead to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome with an extremely high mortality. We report a 42 year-old female patient with Streptococcal myositis accompanying with systemic lupus erythematosus who initially presented with fever, severe pain, and tenderness on the calf without any prodromal symptom of myositis. Despite the aggressive management, her general symptoms were aggravated and she died 7 days later as result of the toxic shock syndrome.
To understand the disintegration phenomena of cylindrical liquid jet co-flowing with high speed air stream in the nozzle, the disintegration mechanism depending on the coaxial air flow introduced to the liquid jet was experimentally investigated with twin fluid atomizers made of glass. This study focused on the effects of the dimension of the mixing tube, the liquid and air flowrate on flow patterns, the disintegration mechanism of liquid jet, and the pressure variation of nozzle interior. When the air stream was supplied to the longest smooth liquid jet, flow patterns in the nozzle interior were observed for various diameters of mixing tubes and liquid jets. For the nozzles where the through-flow of liquid jet was obtained, the maximum breakup length according to the ejection velocity of liquid jet was seen at Rei = 2100 and the minimum at Rei = 4500. The former Reynolds number indicated the boundary between the laminar jet and transient jet, and the latter Reynolds number indicated the boundary between the transient jet and turbulent jet. When air flowed coaxially along the liquid jet, the breakup length generally decreased drastically. On the contrary, there existed a region where the breakup length increased even though air was supplied to the liquid jet. This phenomenon was observed in the region of the droplet flow. The pressure within the nozzle peaked at the boundary region of transient flow and turbulent flow where fluctuation of the liquid jet was most severe.
본 연구의 목적은 원형과 타원형 노즐에 발생되는 캐비테이션 유동에 대해 수치 계산을 통해 각각의 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 수치해석을 위해 상용코드인 FLUENT 6.2 을 사용하였고, 실험결과의 캐비테이션 형태와 수치계산에서 얻은 결과를 비교함으로써 계산결과의 타당성을 확인하였다. 주목할만한 결과로는 원형 노즐 내부의 캐이테이션 형상은 노즐 축방향으로 대칭적인 원통형을 가지는 반면, 타원형 노즐의 경우 장축의 캐이테이션 길이가 단축의 캐이테이션 길이보다 긴 말발굽 (horseshoe) 형태가 관찰되었다. 또한, 타원형 노즐의 경우 오리피스의 반경방향 속도는 오리피스의 장, 단축에서 확연히 다른 분포가 관찰되었다.
We used the health screening data of some rural and urban residents to examine the cross-sectional association between leukocyte count and hypertension. The 206 male and 203 female rural residents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method in Kyungsan-Kun area of Kyungbuk province in 1985 and 600 urban residents were selected by the same sampling method as the rural residents in Daegu city of the same province in 1986 compatible with age-sex distribution of Daegu city of 1985 census, but of whom 384 actually responded. The rest of 600 were replaced by age and sex with those who were members of the medical insurance plan visiting the health management department of the university hospital to get the biannual preventive medical checkups. Excluded in the analysis were those having hypertensive history, diseases and extreme outlying values of the screening tests, leaving 373 rural and 571 urban residents. Leukocyte count was measured with ELT-8 Laser shadow method and the unit , Blood pressures were determined with an aneroid sphygmomanometer with pre-standardized method and hypertensives were defined as those showing systolic blood pressure more than 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure more than 90mmHg. Total residents pooled (N=944) showed a significant difference between hypertensives and normotensives () and in rural residents was noted the similar significant difference (P=0.03). None of significant differences were noted in any stratum stratified by residency and sex. Compared to the lowest quintile of WBC, 2/5 quintile showed odds ratio 0.99 (95% Confidence interval, Ci 0.62-1.59), 3/5 quintile 1.41 (95% CI 0.90-2.21), 4/5 quintile 1.76 (95% CI. 1.14-2.72), and highest quintile 1.80 (1.15-2.82) in the total residents. Likelihood ratio test for linear trend for it indicated a significant trend ($X^2_{trend}=5.53,\;df=1,\;P
To understand the disintegration phenomena of cylindrical liquid jet co-flowing with high speed air stream in the nozzle, the disintegration mechanism depending on the coaxial air flow introduced to the liquid jet was experimentally investigated with twin fluid atomizers made of glass. This study focused on the effects of the dimension of the mixing tube, the liquid and air flowrate on flow patterns, the disintegration mechanism of liquid jet, and the pressure variation of nozzle interior. When the air stream was supplied to the longest smooth liquid jet, flow patterns in the nozzle interior were observed for various diameters of mixing tubes and liquid jets. For the nozzles where the through-flow of liquid jet was obtained, the maximum breakup length according to the ejection velocity of liquid jet was seen at Rel = 2100 and the minimum at Rel = 4500. The former Reynolds number indicated the boundary between the laminar jet and transient jet, and the latter Reynolds number indicated the boundary between the transient jet and turbulent jet. When air flowed coaxially along the liquid jet, the breakup length generally decreased drastically. On the contrary, there existed a region where the breakup length increased even though air was supplied to the liquid jet. This phenomenon was observed in the region of the droplet flow. The pressure within the nozzle peaked at the boundary region of transient flow and turbulent flow where fluctuation of the liquid jet was most severe.
Spray tip penetration and spray angle for one main injection were measured at the atmospheric condition with the fuel injection pressure of 270 bar and 540 bar. It investigates an effect of different nozzle hole geometry of conventional cylindrical one and those of elliptical ones. Injection period represented by injector pulse drive was fixed at 1ms. From the result of this study, it is shown that spray tip penetration becomes shorter and spray angle becomes wider with the elliptical nozzle hole geometry due to fast break-up of a fuel liquid column.
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