Takeshi Tokida

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

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Toshihiro Hasegawa

National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences

Hidemitsu Sakai

National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences

Hirofumi Nakamura

Taiyo Yuden (Japan)

Yasuhiro Usui

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

Kentaro Hayashi

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

Masako Kajiura

Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology

Kazunori Minamikawa

Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences

Mayumi Yoshimoto

National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences

Miwa Matsushima

Chiba University

Weiguo Cheng

Yamagata University

Cooperative Institutions

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

The University of Tokyo

National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences

Tohoku University

Kyoto University

Nagoya University

Hokkaido University

Tohoku Agricultural Research Center

Institute of Agrobiological Sciences

Institute of Crop Science

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Evaluating the effects of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a paddy field in Thailand

Figshare (2018)

Amnat Chidthaisong Nittaya Cha-un Benjamas Rossopa Chitnucha Buddaboon Choosak Kunuthai

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is a water-saving irrigation technique in a paddy field that can reduce the emission of methane, a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). It is being adopted to Asian countries, but different results are reported in literatures on methane, nitrous oxide emission, and rice productivity under AWD. Therefore, the local feasibility needs to be investigated before its adoption by farmers. The current study carried out a 3-year experiment in an acid sulfate paddy field in Prachin Buri, Thailand. During five crops (3 dry and 2 wet seasons), three treatments of water management were compared: continuous flooding (CF), flooding whenever surface water level declined to 15 cm below the soil surface (AWD), and site-specific AWD (AWDS) that weakened the criteria of soil drying (AWDS). Methane and nitrous oxide emissions were measured by a closed chamber method. Rice grain yield did not significantly (p

Nitrous oxide

Methane Emissions

Paddy field

10.6084/m9.figshare.5847678

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Citations (0)

Ebullition of methane from peat with falling atmospheric pressure

Geophysical Research Letters (2005)

Takeshi Tokida Tsuyoshi Miyazaki Masaru Mizoguchi

Recent works on CH 4 emissions from peatlands have demonstrated that ebullition can be a more important emission pathway than it has been thought. However, knowledge of its features and associated environmental factors is still very limited. In this study, we investigated the quantitative relationship between the amount of CH 4 emitted via ebullition and changes in the atmospheric pressure through a laboratory experiment. During the flux measurement period, ebullition was recorded almost exclusively in air‐pressure‐declining phases. The increased volume of the gas bubbles due to reduction in atmospheric pressure and the amount of released gas bubbles revealed a strong linear relation, suggesting that in situ CH 4 emissions via ebullition can be estimated using this correlation. Our results clearly showed that atmospheric pressure can be one of the most important factors to control CH 4 emissions from peatlands and that ebullition can be the main transport mechanism during the pressure‐falling phase.

Falling (accident)

Low-pressure area

Atmospheric methane

10.1029/2005gl022949

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Citations (96)

High mesophyll conductance in the high-yielding rice cultivar Takanari quantified with the combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements under free-air CO₂ enrichment

Plant Production Science (2019)

Hiroki Ikawa Hidemitsu Sakai Charles P. Chen Tik Hang Soong Seiichiro Yonemura

An effective strategy for increasing crop production is increasing the rate of photosynthesis. In this study, we conducted gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements for a high-yielding rice cultivar, Takanari, to identify the leaf physiological properties that contribute to high capacity for photosynthesis of the uppermost leaves before (panicle initiation stage) and after heading (grain-filling stage) in the Tsukuba free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility. The higher photosynthesis rate of Takanari compared with that of the commonly cultivated cultivar, Koshihikari, was mainly attributed to the greater stomatal conductance for CO2 (gsc) at the panicle initiation stage and to the greater mesophyll conductance (gm) at the grain-filling stage in both current and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2]. Takanari had a higher level of leaf nitrogen content (Nl) compared with Koshihikari at the grain-filling stage, which led to greater gm and maximum carboxylation rate (Vc,max), but Nl alone did not explain the variations of gm within the variety. A clear correlation was found between Vc,max and Nl. Calculating Vc,max taking gm into consideration removed the artifact of Vc,max25 in relation to Nl that was observed when gm was assumed to be infinite. Our results emphasize the need to separate the roles of Vc,max and gm to accurately understand the ecophysiological processes that control leaf photosynthesis in Takanari.

Panicle

Stomatal Conductance

Carboxylation

10.1080/1343943x.2019.1626253

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Citations (14)

Falling atmospheric pressure as a trigger for methane ebullition from peatland

Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2007)

Takeshi Tokida Tsuyoshi Miyazaki Masaru Mizoguchi O. Nagata Fumiaki Takakai

Peatlands are widely regarded as a significant source of atmospheric CH 4 , a potent greenhouse gas. At present, most of the information on environmental emissions of CH 4 comes from infrequent, temporally discontinuous ground‐based flux measurements. Enormous efforts have been made to extrapolate measured emission rates to establish seasonal or annual averages using relevant biogeochemical factors, such as water table positions or peat temperatures, by assuming that the flux was stationary during a substantial nonsampling period. However, this assumption has not been explicitly verified, and little is known about the continuous variation of the CH 4 flux in a timescale of individual flux measurement. In this study, we show an abrupt change in the CH 4 emission rate associated with falling atmospheric pressure. We found that the CH 4 flux can change by 2 orders of magnitude within a matter of tens of minutes owing to the release of free‐phase CH 4 triggered by a drop in air pressure. The contribution of the ebullition to the total CH 4 flux during the measurements was significant (50–64%). These results clearly indicated that field campaigns must be designed to cover this rapid temporal variability caused by ebullition, which may be especially important in intemperate weather. Process‐based CH 4 emission models should also be modified to include air pressure as a key factor for the control of ebullient CH 4 release from peatland.

Biogeochemical Cycle

10.1029/2006gb002790

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Citations (208)

Rice cultivar responses to elevated CO2 at two free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) sites in Japan

Functional Plant Biology (2013)

Toshihiro Hasegawa Hidemitsu Sakai Takeshi Tokida Hirofumi Nakamura Chunwu Zhu

There is some evidence that rice cultivars respond differently to elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]), but [CO2]×cultivar interaction has never been tested under open-field conditions across different sites. Here, we report on trials conducted at free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facilities at two sites in Japan, Shizukuishi (2007 and 2008) and Tsukuba (2010). The average growing-season air temperature was more than 5°C warmer at Tsukuba than at Shizukuishi. For four cultivars tested at both sites, the [CO2]×cultivar interaction was significant for brown rice yield, but there was no significant interaction with site-year. Higher-yielding cultivars with a large sink size showed a greater [CO2] response. The Tsukuba FACE experiment, which included eight cultivars, revealed a wider range of yield enhancement (3-36%) than the multi-site experiment. All of the tested yield components contributed to this enhancement, but there was a highly significant [CO2]×cultivar interaction for percentage of ripened spikelets. These results suggest that a large sink is a prerequisite for higher productivity under elevated [CO2], but that improving carbon allocation by increasing grain setting may also be a practical way of increasing the yield response to elevated [CO2].

Interaction

Sink (geography)

Growing season

10.1071/fp12357

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Citations (242)

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Respiratory Rates in Mature Leaves of Two Rice Cultivars Grown at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Site and Analyses of the Underlying Mechanisms

Plant and Cell Physiology (2018)

Ko Noguchi Tomonori Tsunoda Atsuko Miyagi Maki Kawai‐Yamada Daisuke Sugiura

Respiratory CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates in leaves change in response to the growth CO2 concentration ([CO2]). The degrees of change vary depending on the responses of cellular processes such as nitrogen (N) assimilation and accumulation of organic acids to growth [CO2]. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the respiratory characteristics of mature leaves of two rice varieties with different yield capacities at different growth stages under ambient and elevated [CO2] conditions at a free-air CO2 enrichment site. We also examined the effect of increased water temperature on leaf respiration. We measured the rates of CO2 efflux and O2 uptake, and determined N contents, primary metabolite contents and maximal activities of respiratory enzymes. The leaf CO2 efflux rates decreased in plants grown at elevated [CO2] in both varieties, and were higher in high-yielding Takanari than in Koshihikari. The leaf O2 uptake rates showed little change with respect to growth [CO2] and variety. The increased water temperature did not significantly affect the CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates. The N and amino acid contents were significantly higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari. The enhanced N assimilation in Takanari may have consumed more respiratory NADH, leading to higher CO2 efflux rates. In Koshihikari, the ratio of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates changed and maximal activities of enzymes in the TCA cycle decreased at elevated [CO2]. Therefore, the decreased rates of CO2 efflux in Koshihikari may be due to the decreased activities of TCA cycle enzymes at elevated [CO2].

Efflux

Assimilation (phonology)

10.1093/pcp/pcy017

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Citations (14)

Effects of alternate wetting and drying technique on greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice paddy in Central Luzon, Philippines

Soil Science & Plant Nutrition (2017)

Evangeline B. Sibayan Kristine Samoy‒Pascual Filomena S. Grospe Mark Everson D. Casil Takeshi Tokida

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) technique has been widely reported to reduce methane (CH4) emission from irrigated rice paddies. However, little is known about its feasibility in an environment that has distinct weather conditions involving tropical wet season (WS). To investigate the AWD's feasibility in terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions both in dry season (DS) and WS, 3-year field experiments were conducted in Central Luzon, Philippines. Three treatments of water management were continuous flooding (CF), flooding when surface water level naturally declines to 15 cm below the soil surface (AWD), and site-specific AWD that modified the criteria of soil drying (AWDS). Methane and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured using a closed chamber method, and the global warming potential (GWP) of the two GHGs was calculated. Rice grain yield did not significantly differ among treatments. In accordance with the previous findings, the seasonal total CH4 emission was significantly greater in WS than in DS. The effect of treatment was significant, but the reduction rate by AWD was just 1.7% compared to CF. The seasonal total N2O emission was significantly affected by cropping season and treatment. The AWD increased the N2O emission by 97%, especially in DS. The resultant GWP did not significantly differ among three treatments. The results indicate that the AWD and AWDS with the current settings were insufficient to reduce the annual GHG emissions in this site. However, fragmentary results obtained in the last DS suggest that an earlier rice residue incorporation and keeping dry soil conditions in the preceding fallow season is effective in reducing CH4 emission in combination with an earlier implementation of AWD.

Paddy field

Nitrous oxide

Dry season

Growing season

Global-warming potential

10.1080/00380768.2017.1401906

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Citations (56)

Optimizing the lateral dripline spacing of drip-irrigated aerobic rice to increase water productivity and profitability under the water-limited condition

Field Crops Research (2022)

Kristine Samoy‒Pascual Rubenito M. Lampayan Alaissa T. Remocal Ricardo F. Orge Takeshi Tokida

Water Use Efficiency

Growing season

Surface irrigation

10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108669

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Citations (11)

Microbial community composition controls the effects of climate change on methane emission from rice paddies

Environmental Microbiology Reports (2012)

Guang Cheng Liu Takeshi Tokida Toshinori Matsunami Hirofumi Nakamura Masumi Okada

Rice paddies are one of the most important sources of CH4 emission from the terrestrial ecosystem. A Free-air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment, which included a soil warming treatment, was conducted in a rice paddy at Shizukuishi, Japan. In this study, the changes in CH4 emission from a rice paddy, caused by global climate change, were explored in relation to the structural changes that have occurred in the methanogenic archaeal communities found in the soil and roots. The composition of the archaeal community was examined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) using the 16S rRNA gene, while its abundance was measured by real-time PCR using the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene. The archaeal community in the roots showed considerable change, characterized by the dominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens and a corresponding decrease in acetoclastic methanogens. Seasonal changes in CH4 flux were closely related to the changes in methanogen abundance in the roots. Elevated CO2 caused an increase in root mass, which increased the abundance of methanogens leading to a rise in CH4 emissions. However, soil warming stimulated CH4 emissions by increasing CH4 production per individual methanogen. These results demonstrated that climate warming stimulates CH4 emission in a rice paddy by altering the abundance and activity of methanogenic archaea in the roots.

Methanogen

Paddy field

Dominance (genetics)

10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00391.x

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Citations (27)

Diurnal variation in methane emission from a rice paddy due to ebullition

Journal of Environmental Quality (2024)

Masako Kajiura Takeshi Tokida

Abstract Diurnal fluctuations in methane (CH 4 ) emission are frequently observed in rice paddy fields, yet the driving mechanisms behind these variations are not fully understood. We posited that the observed diurnal patterns are predominantly due to temperature‐dependent bubbling emissions (ebullition). To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted measurements of CH 4 emission in a Japanese rice paddy using static chambers coupled with a high‐time‐resolution CH 4 analyzer that allowed us to partition the total flux into its two principal components: plant‐mediated transport and ebullition. Diurnal variation in the total flux was minimal during the early parts of reproductive growth (panicle formation and booting stages), when plant‐mediated emission was dominant. At a later stage (heading period), ebullition accounted for 43%–70% of the total emission, and CH 4 emission via both pathways varied diurnally; however, the diurnal range was much greater for bubbling emission (ratio of maximum to minimum = 3.5) than for plant‐mediated emission (ratio of maximum to minimum = 1.4). The magnitude of emissions due to ebullition depended on the temperature, but was greater during the flux‐increasing phase in the morning than the flux‐decreasing phase in the afternoon even at the same temperature, forming a hysteresis in the flux versus temperature relationship. These findings support our hypothesis and indicate that abiotic processes, such as a change in the solubility of gases and the temperature dependence of the gas‐phase volume (Charles's law), may play a central role in shaping the diurnal pattern of the CH 4 ebullition.

Diurnal temperature variation

Diurnal cycle

Paddy field

Sink (geography)

10.1002/jeq2.20553

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Citations (4)